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to defend

  • 1 dēfendō

        dēfendō dī, sus, ere,    to ward off, repel, avert, keep off: bellum, Cs.: ad defendendos ictūs, Cs.: solis ardores: frigus, H.: vim, Cs.: furorem, V.: crimen, to answer, L.: ignem a tectis, O.: solstitium pecori, V.: aestatem capellis, H.—To defend, guard, protect, cover: amicos, Cs.: se armis, Cs.: oppidum, Cs.: scribam apud praetores: illum de ambitu: scelus: communem salutem: vicem rhetoris, to sustain, H.: aedes Vestae vix defensa est (sc. ab incendio), preserved, L.: aper, quam Defendit palus, protected, V.: Defendens piscīs mare, H.: se suaque ab iis, Cs.: gladio se a multitudine, S.: provinciam a metu calamitatis: myrtos a frigore, V.: ab incendio lapis defendit, Cs.: sese adversus populum: auctoritatem contra omnīs: quae (navis) defenderet ne provincia spoliaretur: paucis defendentibus, Cs.: utrum moenibus defenderent, an, etc., make a stand at, N.—Of speech, to defend, support, maintain, insist, allege in defence: cum idem defenderet quod Accius: me id maxime defendisse, ut, etc., have chiefly striven for: id recte factum esse defendes?: eos omnīs liberos esse: quae cur non cadant in sapientem.— To refute, repel: crimen: noxiam, T.
    * * *
    defendere, defendi, defensus V TRANS
    defend/guard/protect, look after; act/speak/plead/write for defense; prosecute; repel, fend/ward off, avert/prevent; support/preserve/maintain; defend (right)

    Latin-English dictionary > dēfendō

  • 2 mūniō

        mūniō īvī, ītum, īre    [moenia], to wall, defend with a wall, fortify, defend, protect, secure, strengthen: quod idoneum ad muniendum putarent, i. e. for use in fortifications, N.: palatium, L.: locum, Cs.: Alpibus Italiam munierat antea natura: castra vallo fossāque, with palisades and a trench, Cs.: ab incendio urbs vigiliis munita, S.: multā vi Albam, i. e. build and fortify, V.: locus hibernis munitus, Cs.— To defend, guard, secure, protect, shelter: spica contra avium morsūs munitur vallo aristarum.—Of roads, to make, make passable, open, pave: iter, Cs.: viam: rupem, L.—Fig., to guard, secure, strengthen, support: subsidia rei p. praesidiis: imperium, N.: se contra pudorem, Ta.: se contra perfidiam.—With viam, to make a way: accusandi viam, prepared your way: sibi viam ad stuprum.
    * * *
    munire, munivi, munitus V
    fortify; strengthen; protect, defend, safeguard; build (road)

    Latin-English dictionary > mūniō

  • 3 tegō

        tegō tēxī, tēctus, ere    [TEG-], to cover, cover over: corpus eius suo pallio: bestiae coriis tectae: Mars tunicā tectus adamantinā, H.: (casae) stramentis tectae, Cs.: tectis instructisque scaphis, decked, Cs.: tegeret cum lumina somno, V.: ossa tegebat humus, O.: tegere Damae latus, i. e. walk beside, H.: omnis eum tegebat Turba, i. e. attended, V.— To cover, hide, conceal: fugientem silvae texerunt, Cs.: (tabellas) in sinu, O.: latibulis se: nebula texerat inceptum, L.— To shelter, protect, defend: tempestas nostros texit, Cs.: latere tecto abscedere, i. e. with a whole skin, T.: tegi magis Romanus quam pugnare, L.: portus ab Africo tegebatur, Cs.—Fig., to cloak, hide, veil, conceal, keep secret, dissemble: triumphi nomine cupiditatem suam: eius flagitia parietibus tegebantur: honestā praescriptione rem turpissimam, Cs.: turpia facta oratione, S.: Commissum, H.: dira Supplicia, V.: Pectoribus dabas multa tegenda meis, O.— To defend, protect, guard: consensio inproborum excusatione amicitiae tegenda non est: pericula facile innocentiā tecti repellemus: a patrum suppliciis tegere liberos, L.: patriam parentīsque armis, S.
    * * *
    tegere, texi, tectus V
    cover, protect; defend; hide

    Latin-English dictionary > tegō

  • 4 defendo

    dē-fendo, di, sum ( infin. pass. parag.: defendier, Verg. A. 8, 493: Juv. 15, 157.— Part. gen. plur. sync.:

    defendentum,

    Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. a. [arch.: FENDO; cf. Sanscr. han (ghan), to smite; Gr. theinô; hence, also offendo, infensus, infestus, mani-festus; cf. fustis], to fend or ward off any thing hostile or injurious; to repel, avert, keep off: propulsando arcere (for syn. cf.: tueor, tutor, servo, conservo. propugno, protego, vindico, caveo—freq. and class.); regularly constr. with acc. alone (so in Cic. and Caes.); very rarely aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo, and in poets also aliquid alicui; cf. Zumpt. Gr. § 469.
    (α).
    Aliquid (aliquem):

    ut tu morbos calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, defendas averruncesque,

    Cato R. R. 141, 2: serva cives, defende hostes, cum potes defendere, Enn. ap. Non. 277, 21; cf.

    bellum (opp. inferre),

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 13; 2, 29 fin.:

    ad defendendos ictus ac repellendos,

    id. B. C. 2, 9, 3; cf.:

    ignis jactus et lapides,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 4:

    frigus et solem,

    Cato R. R. 48, 2; cf.:

    nimios solis ardores,

    Cic. de Sen. 15, 53;

    and frigus,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 14;

    also: sitim fonte et purā lymphā,

    to quench, Sil. 7, 170:

    qui non defendit injuriam neque propulsat,

    Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so,

    injuriam,

    id. Rosc. Am. 1:

    noxiam,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48:

    imperatoris sui tribunorumque plebis injurias,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7 fin.:

    vim suorum,

    id. ib. 3, 110, 4; cf.:

    vim illatam vi,

    Cic. Mil. 4:

    pericula,

    id. Mur. 3; Tac. A. 13, 56:

    hunc furorem,

    Verg. A. 10, 905:

    dedecus manu,

    Sil. 13, 99 et saep.:

    crimen,

    to answer, defend against an accusation, Liv. 42, 48, 2.—
    (β).
    With ab: (milites) a pinnis hostes defendebant facillime, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8:

    hostem a fossa,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

    ignem a tectis,

    Ov. R. Am. 625.—
    (γ).
    Aliquid alicui (cf. arceo, no. II. d.):

    iniuriam foribus,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 20:

    solstitium pecori,

    Verg. E. 7, 47; cf.:

    aestatem capellis,

    Hor. Od. 1, 17, 3; Prop. 1, 20, 11:

    tela misero,

    Sil. 17, 432:

    dedecus morti,

    id. 5, 490:

    senium famae,

    Stat. Th. 9, 318.—
    (δ).
    Absol., to put a stop (to a fire), to check the flames:

    nec quisquam defendere audebat, crebris minis restinguere prohibentium,

    Tac. A. 15, 38; cf.:

    urbem incendere, feris in populum immissis, quo difficilius defenderentur,

    Suet. Ner. 43.—
    II.
    Transf., like prohibere, with acc. of that from which any thing is warded off or averted, to defend, guard, protect, cover.
    A.
    In gen. (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition), constr. with acc. alone; with acc. and ab aliquo (contra aliquid), or merely ab aliquo; and absol.
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    Aeduos ceterosque amicos populi Rom.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 35 fin.:

    eos,

    id. ib. 2, 10, 4; id. B. C. 1, 6, 2:

    se armis,

    id. B. G. 6, 34:

    se manu,

    id. ib. 5, 7, 8;

    6, 40, 6 et saep.: castra,

    id. ib. 3, 3 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 5; 3, 94, 6 (with tueri):

    oppidum,

    id. B. G. 3, 16, 3 et saep.:

    eum defendo, quem tu accusas,

    Cic. Sull. 17:

    aliquem apud praetores,

    id. Clu. 45, 126:

    aliquem de ambitu,

    id. Sull. 2, 6: cf.

    causam,

    id. Clu. 27, 74; id. Sull. 31, 86; id. Lael. 25, 96 et passim:

    d. ac tegere scelus,

    id. Sull. 31, 86; cf.

    with protegere,

    id. ib. 18, 50:

    justitiam,

    id. Lael. 7, 25:

    communem salutem,

    id. Rep. 1, 1; id. Mur. 2 fin. et saep.:

    locum,

    to preserve, maintain, id. Quint. 13, 43; cf.:

    vicem modo rhetoris atque poëtae,

    to sustain, Hor. S. 1, 10, 12:

    actorum partes,

    id. A. P. 194:

    aedes Vestae vix defensa est (sc. ab incendio),

    preserved, Liv. 26, 27.—
    (β).
    Aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo:

    Aedui cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 11, 2:

    se a finitimis,

    id. ib. 2, 31, 5; id. B. C. 1, 75, 3; Sall. C. 45, 4 et saep.:

    Galliam omnem ab Ariovisti injuria,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31 fin.; so,

    aliquem ab injuria,

    id. ib. 5, 20, 3; Sall. C. 35 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 5:

    se regnumque suum ab Romanorum avaritia,

    Sall. J. 49, 2:

    provinciam non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 14: Italiam a vastatione, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15 fin.:

    vitam ab inimicorum audacia telisque,

    Cic. Mil. 2 fin.:

    libertatis causam ab regio praesidio,

    Liv. 39, 24 et saep.:

    teneras myrtos a frigore,

    Verg. E. 7, 6:

    frondes ab acutae vulnere falcis, a pecoris morsu,

    Ov. M. 9, 384 et saep.—
    (γ).
    With ab aliquo:

    quod et ab incendio lapis et ab ariete materia defendit,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 5; so id. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; 3, 63, 7.—
    (δ).
    Aliquem (aliquid) contra, or adversus aliquem:

    me scio a te contra iniquos meos solere defendi,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 7:

    sese adversus populum Romanum defendere,

    id. Phil. 1, 6, 13:

    me adversus Abrupolim,

    Liv. 42, 41, 10; Just. 2, 4, 32; Suet. Caes. 71; Liv. 5, 35, 4:

    auctoritatem contra invidiam,

    Cic. Phil, 8, 4; 13, 11; id. Fam. 5, 2, 6; id. Sest. 67, 141; 23, 51; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45.—
    (ε).
    Absol.:

    filii qui et sentire et defendere possent,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64 fin.:

    cum jam defenderet nemo,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 6:

    defendentibus civibus Romanis,

    id. B. C. 3, 40, 6; cf. in the abl. absol., id. B. G. 2, 12, 3; id. B. C. 3, 68 fin.; Cic. Lael. 25, 96 et saep.:

    quibus eae partes ad defendendum obvenerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 81 fin. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of speech, to defend, support, maintain; to bring forward, allege in defence (so repeatedly in Cic.; elsewhere rare).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    (Carneades) nullam umquam in illis suis disputationibus rem defendit, quam non probarit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 38 fin.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 14:

    me id maxime defendisse, ut, etc.,

    have chiefly striven for, id. Rosc. Am. 47; id. Verr. 2, 3, 37; 2, 5, 58.—
    (β).
    With acc. and inf.:

    gravissimeque et verissime defenditur, numquam aequitatem ab utilitate posse sejungi, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90 fin.; id. Tull. 13, 32:

    ille nihil ex his sponte susceptum sed principi paruisse defendebat,

    Tac. A. 13, 43:

    sed id solitum esse fieri defendebat,

    Gell. 10, 19; so with verb pass. and inf., Cic. Inv. 2, 32 init. —
    (γ).
    With a relative clause:

    (quae turpitudines) cur non cadant in sapientem, non est facile defendere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117. —
    2.
    In the later jurid. Lat., to claim, vindicate, or prosecute at law:

    quia libertatem et hereditatem ex testamento sibi defendebat,

    Dig. 5, 3, 7:

    si patris mortem defendere necesse habuerit,

    i. e. legally to avenge his death, ib. 38, 2, 14, § 7; 48, 2, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > defendo

  • 5 munio

    1.
    mūnĭo (old form moenio, v. below), īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4 ( fut. munibis for munies, Veg. Vet. 1, 10, 5), v. a. [moenia, lit. to wall; hence], to build a wall around, to defend with a wall, to fortify, defend, protect, secure, put in a state of defence (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    arcem ad urbem obsidendam,

    Nep. Tim. 3, 3:

    palatium,

    Liv. 1, 7:

    locum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 24, 3.—With abl.:

    Alpibus Italiam munierat ante natura,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34:

    domum praesidiis,

    id. Cat. 1, 4, 10:

    castra vallo fossāque,

    with palisades and a trench, Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    locum muro,

    id. ib. 29.—With a homogeneous object, prov.:

    magna moenis moenia,

    you are undertaking a great thing, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 73:

    duovir urbis moeniendae,

    Inscr. Orell. 7142.— Absol.: quod idoneum ad muniendum putarent, for fortifying, i. e. for use in the fortifications, Nep. Them. 6, 21; Hirt. B. G. 8, 31. —Also, to surround, guard, for the protection of other things: ignem ita munire ut non evagaretur, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 12, 7, 7.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    In gen., to defend, guard, secure, protect, shelter:

    Pergamum divinā moenitum manu,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 2:

    hortum ab incursu hominum,

    Col. 11, 3, 2:

    spica contra avium morsūs munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    hieme quaternis tunicis et tibialibus muniebatur,

    he defended, protected, covered himself, Suet. Aug. 82. —
    2.
    To make a road, etc., i. e. to make passable by opening, repairing, or paving it:

    quasi Appius Caecus viam munierit,

    Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

    rupem,

    Liv. 21, 37:

    itinera,

    Nep. Hann. 3, 4:

    TEMPE MVNIVIT,

    Inscr. Orell. 587. —
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To guard, secure, strengthen, support (cf.:

    fulcio, sustineo): meretriculis Muniendis rem cogere,

    to maintain, support, Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 54 (dub.; Speng. moenerandis; v. munero).— Am strengthening myself:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 2:

    imperium,

    to secure, Nep. Reg. 2, 2:

    muniri adversus fraudes,

    to secure one's self, Plin. 37, 13, 76, § 198 (dub. moneri, Jahn):

    se contra ruborem,

    Tac. Agr. 45:

    se multorum benevolentiā,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

    se contra perfidiam,

    id. Fam. 4, 14, 3:

    aliquid auctoritate,

    Vell. 2, 127, 2:

    domum terrore,

    Plin. Pan. 48, 3.—
    B.
    Munire viam, to make or open a way:

    haec omnia tibi accusandi viam muniebant,

    prepared the way for your accusation, Cic. Mur. 23, 48:

    sibi viam ad stuprum,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64.—Hence, mūnītus, a, um, P. a., defended, fortified, protected, secured, safe (class.):

    nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem et audaciam posset esse,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39.— Neutr. plur. munita as subst.: munita viāi, fortification or breastwork of the mouth (cf. Homer. herkos odontôn), the lips, Lucr. 3, 498.— Comp.:

    se munitiorem ad custodiendam vitam suam fore,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 3.— Sup.:

    munitissima castra,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 55.— Adv.: mūnītē, securely, safely (ante-class.):

    munitius,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 141. Müll.
    2.
    munĭo, ōnis, a false reading for nomionem, v. Orell. and Klotz, ad h. l.; Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > munio

  • 6 dēfēnsō

        dēfēnsō āvī, ātus, āre, intens.    [defendo], to defend diligently, protect: alios ab hostibus, S.: umeros, O.: sua, Ta.: dum defensamus (sc. armentum), O.: defensantes, the guards, Ta.
    * * *
    defensare, defensavi, defensatus V TRANS
    defend/guard/protect against; act in defense against; ward off; avert constantly

    Latin-English dictionary > dēfēnsō

  • 7 patrōcinor

        patrōcinor ātus, ārī, dep.    [patronus], to be a patron, afford protection, defend, support.—With dat: indotatis, T.
    * * *
    patrocinari, patrocinatus sum V DEP
    defend, protect

    Latin-English dictionary > patrōcinor

  • 8 teneō

        teneō tenuī, —, ēre    [2 TA-], to hold, keep, have, grasp, hold fast: flabellulum, T.: facem, V. telum, L.: cruentum gladium: manu Fragmina, O.: Dextra tenet ferrum, O.: ore cibum, Ph.: Hanc teneo sinu, O.; cf. cum res non coniecturā, sed oculis ac manibus teneretur, i. e. was palpable. —Fig., to hold in mind, take in, understand, conceive, comprehend, know: rem tenes, you understand the situation, T.: teneo, I understand, T.: quae a Romanis auguribus ignorantur, a Cilicibus tenentur: quo pacto cuncta tenerem, H.—Implying possession or control, to hold, possess, be master of, control, occupy: multa hereditatibus tenebantur sine iniuriā: quae tenuit dives Achaemenes, H.: loca, L.: colles praesidiis, Cs.: terras, H.: alterum cornu, command, N.: provincias aliaque omnia, S.: rem p. opes paucorum tenere coeperunt, to control public affairs: ut res p. vi tribuniciā teneretur, should be mastered, cf. qui tenent (sc. rem p.), qui potiuntur, i. e. who are in supreme power: me Galatea tenebat, i. e. held my affections, V.: teneone te? i. e. are you restored to me? T.—Implying persistence, to hold fast, keep, occupy, watch, guard, defend, maintain, retain: legio locum non tenuit, Cs.: Capitolia celsa, V.: in manicis te sub custode, H.: Athenae tuae sempiternam in arce oleam tenere potuerunt.—Of a way or course, to hold, keep, maintain, follow up: secundissimo vento cursum, to hold one's course: vento intermisso cursum, Cs.: Quove tenetis iter? V.: tenuit tamen vestigia Bucar, L.: Aeneam... ab Siciliā classe ad Laurentem agrum tenuisse (sc. cursum), sailed, L.: medio tutissimus ibis... Inter utrumque tene, O.; cf. hic ventus adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, blows the wrong way, N.—Fig., to hold fast, guard, preserve, uphold, keep, insist on: consuetudinem meam: non tenebat ornatum suum civitas: ius suum: haec duo in amicitiā, etc.: imperium in suos: silentium, L. — To hold fast, maintain, support, defend, uphold, insist: illud arcte tenent, voluptatem esse summum bonum: propositum, maintain, Cs.: suas leges: quo causae teste tenentur, H.: plebs tenuit, ne consules in proximum annum crearentur, L.: tenuere patres, ut Fabius consul crearetur, L.— Of the memory, to hold, keep: tui memoriam cum summā benevolentiā, preserve a recollection of: memoriā tenetis, res esse, etc., you remember numeros memini, si verba tenerem, recollect, V.: dicta tenere, H.—Of disposition or desire, to possess, occupy, control: quae te tanta pravitas mentis tenuerit, ut, etc., has had possession of you: magna me spes tenet: nisi forte quem perniciosa libido tenet, S.: neque irā neque gratiā teneri, to be controlled: pompā, ludis, to be fascinated: ab <*>ratore iam obsessus est ac tenetur.— To hold position, maintain oneself, stay, be posted: quā abscisae rupes erant, statio paucorum armatorum tenebat, L.: tenent Danai, quā deficit ignis, V.— To hold out, hold on, last, endure, continue, maintain itself, prevail: imber per noctem totam tenuit, L.: tenet fama, lupam, etc, L.: fama tenuit, haud plus fuisse modio, L.—Implying attainment, to reach, arrive at, attain, occupy: montes Sabini petebant et pauci tenuere, L.: portum, L.: Hesperiam, O.—Fig., to reach, gain, acquire, obtain, attain: per cursum rectum regnum tenere: virtute regnum, L.: teneri res aliter non potest: causam, O.—Implying restraint, to hold fast, hold back, hinder, restrain, detain, check, control, stay: naves, quae vento tenebantur, Cs.: classem ibi tenebat, L.: si id te non tenet, advola: Marcellum ab gerundis rebus: ne diutius teneam: tene linguam, O.: pecus omne tenendum, V.: manum, H.: quo me decet usque teneri? V.: lacrimas in morte miserā: exercitum in stativis, L.—With pron reflex., to keep back, remain, stay: castris sese, Cs.: castris se pavidus tenebat, L.: a conventu se remotum domi, N.: me ab accusando, refrain.— Fig., to hold, hold back, repress, restrain, bind, fetter: iracundiam: risum: iram, Cu.: ea, quae occurrunt, keep to themselves: Sed te, ne faceres, tenuit reverentia famae, O.—Implying constraint, to bind, hold, obligate, be binding on, control: quamquam leges eum non tenent: interdicto non teneri: ut plebi scita omnes Quirites tenerent, L.: teneri alienis foederibus, L.: poenā teneri, to be liable: testibus in re perspicuā teneri, to be convicted.— Implying comprehension, to take in, comprise, comprehend, include: haec magnos formula reges tenet. H.: ut homines deorum agnatione et gente teneantur: id quod (genus officiorum) teneatur hominum societate.
    * * *
    tenere, tenui, tentus V
    hold, keep; comprehend; possess; master; preserve; represent; support

    Latin-English dictionary > teneō

  • 9 tūtor

        tūtor ātus, ārī, intens.    [tueor], to watch, make safe, guard, keep, protect, defend: Res Italas armis, H.: genae ab inferiore parte tutantur (oculos): muris urbem, L.: serves Tuterisque tuo fidentem praesidio, H.: quas (spes) necesse est virtute et innocentiā tutari, S.: quibus (viribus) ab irā Romanorum vestra tutaremini, L.: se adversus multitudinem hostium, L.: ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus sit, responsible for the safety of, L.— To ward off, avert: inopiam subsidiis, Cs.: pericula, S.
    * * *
    I
    tutari, tutatus sum V DEP
    guard, protect, defend; guard against, avert
    II
    protector, defender; guardian, watcher; tutor

    Latin-English dictionary > tūtor

  • 10 adsero

    1.
    as-sĕro ( ads-, K. and H., Müller), sēvi, situm, 3, v. a., to sow, plant, or set near something (very rare;

    not in Cic.), Agroet. de Orthogr. p. 2274 P.: vites,

    Cato, R. R. 32 fin.:

    vitis adsita ad olus,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 16 fin.:

    vites propter cupressos,

    id. ib. 1, 26: Lenta quin velut adsitas Vitis implicat arbores, * Cat. 61, 102: populus adsita certis Limitibus, * Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 170 (quippe quae vitibus maritaretur, Agroet. l. c.).
    2.
    as-sĕro ( ads-, Ritschl, Fleckeisen, Merk., Halm, Weissenb.), sĕrŭi, sertum, 3, v. a., to join some person or thing to one's self; hence,
    I.
    As a jurid. t. t. (so this word is most freq. found; cf. assertor and assertio).
    A.
    Aliquem manu, in libertatem or liberali causā (also merely manu, and finally absol. adserere), to declare one (a slave) to be free by laying hands upon him, to set free, to liberate:

    adserere manu in libertatem...,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.:

    qui in libertatem adserebant,

    Suet. Vit. 10:

    se adserit in libertatem,

    Dig. 47, 10, 11 fin.:

    in iis qui adserantur in libertatem, quia quivis lege agere possit, id juris esse,

    Liv. 3, 45; so,

    in ingenuitatem,

    Suet. Aug. 74:

    se ingenuitati,

    Dig. 40, 14, 2:

    manu eas adserat Suas populares liberali causā,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 83:

    manuque liberali causā ambas adseras,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 142: si quisquam hanc liberali adseruisset manu, id. Curc. 5, 2, 68:

    ego liberali illam adsero causā manu,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40: cum in causā liberali eum, qui adserebatur cognatum, suum esse diceret, * Cic. Fl. 17, 40:

    neminem venire, qui istas adsereret manu,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 11:

    illam a lenone adserito manu,

    id. Pers. 1, 3, 83;

    and transf.: pisces manu adserere,

    id. Rud. 4, 3, 34:

    adserui jam me fugique catenas,

    Ov. Am. 3, 11, 3 Merk.; Suet. Vesp. 3; id. Gram. 21.—
    B.
    Aliquem in servitutem, to declare one to be a slave by laying the hand upon him, to claim as a slave:

    M. Claudio clienti negotium dedit (Ap. Claudius), ut virginem in servitutem adsereret,

    Liv. 3, 44; so Suet. Tib. 2; Liv. 34, 18; 35, 16 fin. —
    II.
    After the poets of the Aug. per., transf. from the judicial sphere to common life.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. A.) To free from, to protect, defend, defend against (esp. freq. in Flor. and Suet.):

    habe ante oculos mortalitatem, a quā adserere te hoc uno munimento potes,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 4:

    se ab injuriā oblivionis,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 9:

    liberatae Italiae adsertique imperii nuntius,

    Flor. 3, 3, 19:

    post adsertam a Manlio, restitutam a Camillo urbem,

    id. 1, 13, 19:

    Latini quoque Tarquinios adserebant,

    id. 1, 11, 1:

    Gracchanas leges,

    id. 3, 16, 1:

    easdem leges,

    id. 3, 17, 1; so id. 2, 18, 16; 3, 3, 19; 3, 17, 4:

    dignitatem,

    Suet. Caes. 16 (cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 7, and Suet. Caes. 33:

    defendere dignitatem,

    id. ib. 72:

    tueri dignitatem): senatus in adserendā libertate consensit,

    in the restoring of freedom, Suet. Calig. 60; id. Claud. 10:

    namque adserit urbes sola fames (liberas facit urbes contra dominos, Schol.),

    Luc. 3, 56:

    hoc focale tuas adserat auriculas,

    i. e. guard against the hearing of bad verses, Mart. 14, 142:

    non te cucullis adseret caput tectum (sc. a basiis),

    id. 11, 99.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. B.) Aliquid sibi, to appropriate something to one's self, to claim, declare it one's own possession: nec laudes adsere nostras, claim not for yourself, etc., Ov. M. 1, 462:

    haec (gaudia) utrāque manu complexuque adsere toto,

    Mart. 1, 16, 9; and (per hypallagen): me adsere caelo, appoint me to the skies, i. e. declare me to be of celestial origin, Ov. M. 1, 761.—In prose, Vell. 2, 60 Runhk.; cf. Val. Max. 4, 4, 4:

    Unus hominum ad hoc aevi Felicis sibi cognomen adseruit L. Sulla,

    Plin. 7, 43, 44, § 137:

    sapientis sibi nomen adseruit,

    Quint. 12, 1, 20:

    sibi artem figurarum,

    id. 9, 3, 64:

    ipse te in alto isto pinguique secessu studiis adseris?

    are you devoting yourself? Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 3:

    dominationem sibi,

    Suet. Oth. 9:

    divinam majestatem sibi,

    id. Calig. 22:

    Gallaeci Graecam sibi originem adserunt,

    Just. 44, 3.—
    C.
    In gen., to maintain, affirm, assert, declare; diabebaioumai, Gloss.:

    non haec Colchidos adserit furorem, Diri prandia nec refert Thyestae,

    Mart. 10, 35:

    Epicharmus testium malis hanc utilissime imponi adserit,

    Plin. 20, 9, 34, § 89, where Jan conjectures ait:

    mollissimum quemque beatum fore adserebant,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 28, 8; so id. ib. 3, 5:

    non vacat adserere quae finxeris,

    Quint. Decl. 7, 6; Pall. 1, 19, 3; so Veg. 1, 17, 4; 1, 17, 5; 5, 25, 1 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adsero

  • 11 assero

    1.
    as-sĕro ( ads-, K. and H., Müller), sēvi, situm, 3, v. a., to sow, plant, or set near something (very rare;

    not in Cic.), Agroet. de Orthogr. p. 2274 P.: vites,

    Cato, R. R. 32 fin.:

    vitis adsita ad olus,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 16 fin.:

    vites propter cupressos,

    id. ib. 1, 26: Lenta quin velut adsitas Vitis implicat arbores, * Cat. 61, 102: populus adsita certis Limitibus, * Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 170 (quippe quae vitibus maritaretur, Agroet. l. c.).
    2.
    as-sĕro ( ads-, Ritschl, Fleckeisen, Merk., Halm, Weissenb.), sĕrŭi, sertum, 3, v. a., to join some person or thing to one's self; hence,
    I.
    As a jurid. t. t. (so this word is most freq. found; cf. assertor and assertio).
    A.
    Aliquem manu, in libertatem or liberali causā (also merely manu, and finally absol. adserere), to declare one (a slave) to be free by laying hands upon him, to set free, to liberate:

    adserere manu in libertatem...,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.:

    qui in libertatem adserebant,

    Suet. Vit. 10:

    se adserit in libertatem,

    Dig. 47, 10, 11 fin.:

    in iis qui adserantur in libertatem, quia quivis lege agere possit, id juris esse,

    Liv. 3, 45; so,

    in ingenuitatem,

    Suet. Aug. 74:

    se ingenuitati,

    Dig. 40, 14, 2:

    manu eas adserat Suas populares liberali causā,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 83:

    manuque liberali causā ambas adseras,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 142: si quisquam hanc liberali adseruisset manu, id. Curc. 5, 2, 68:

    ego liberali illam adsero causā manu,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40: cum in causā liberali eum, qui adserebatur cognatum, suum esse diceret, * Cic. Fl. 17, 40:

    neminem venire, qui istas adsereret manu,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 11:

    illam a lenone adserito manu,

    id. Pers. 1, 3, 83;

    and transf.: pisces manu adserere,

    id. Rud. 4, 3, 34:

    adserui jam me fugique catenas,

    Ov. Am. 3, 11, 3 Merk.; Suet. Vesp. 3; id. Gram. 21.—
    B.
    Aliquem in servitutem, to declare one to be a slave by laying the hand upon him, to claim as a slave:

    M. Claudio clienti negotium dedit (Ap. Claudius), ut virginem in servitutem adsereret,

    Liv. 3, 44; so Suet. Tib. 2; Liv. 34, 18; 35, 16 fin. —
    II.
    After the poets of the Aug. per., transf. from the judicial sphere to common life.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. A.) To free from, to protect, defend, defend against (esp. freq. in Flor. and Suet.):

    habe ante oculos mortalitatem, a quā adserere te hoc uno munimento potes,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 4:

    se ab injuriā oblivionis,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 9:

    liberatae Italiae adsertique imperii nuntius,

    Flor. 3, 3, 19:

    post adsertam a Manlio, restitutam a Camillo urbem,

    id. 1, 13, 19:

    Latini quoque Tarquinios adserebant,

    id. 1, 11, 1:

    Gracchanas leges,

    id. 3, 16, 1:

    easdem leges,

    id. 3, 17, 1; so id. 2, 18, 16; 3, 3, 19; 3, 17, 4:

    dignitatem,

    Suet. Caes. 16 (cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 7, and Suet. Caes. 33:

    defendere dignitatem,

    id. ib. 72:

    tueri dignitatem): senatus in adserendā libertate consensit,

    in the restoring of freedom, Suet. Calig. 60; id. Claud. 10:

    namque adserit urbes sola fames (liberas facit urbes contra dominos, Schol.),

    Luc. 3, 56:

    hoc focale tuas adserat auriculas,

    i. e. guard against the hearing of bad verses, Mart. 14, 142:

    non te cucullis adseret caput tectum (sc. a basiis),

    id. 11, 99.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. B.) Aliquid sibi, to appropriate something to one's self, to claim, declare it one's own possession: nec laudes adsere nostras, claim not for yourself, etc., Ov. M. 1, 462:

    haec (gaudia) utrāque manu complexuque adsere toto,

    Mart. 1, 16, 9; and (per hypallagen): me adsere caelo, appoint me to the skies, i. e. declare me to be of celestial origin, Ov. M. 1, 761.—In prose, Vell. 2, 60 Runhk.; cf. Val. Max. 4, 4, 4:

    Unus hominum ad hoc aevi Felicis sibi cognomen adseruit L. Sulla,

    Plin. 7, 43, 44, § 137:

    sapientis sibi nomen adseruit,

    Quint. 12, 1, 20:

    sibi artem figurarum,

    id. 9, 3, 64:

    ipse te in alto isto pinguique secessu studiis adseris?

    are you devoting yourself? Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 3:

    dominationem sibi,

    Suet. Oth. 9:

    divinam majestatem sibi,

    id. Calig. 22:

    Gallaeci Graecam sibi originem adserunt,

    Just. 44, 3.—
    C.
    In gen., to maintain, affirm, assert, declare; diabebaioumai, Gloss.:

    non haec Colchidos adserit furorem, Diri prandia nec refert Thyestae,

    Mart. 10, 35:

    Epicharmus testium malis hanc utilissime imponi adserit,

    Plin. 20, 9, 34, § 89, where Jan conjectures ait:

    mollissimum quemque beatum fore adserebant,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 28, 8; so id. ib. 3, 5:

    non vacat adserere quae finxeris,

    Quint. Decl. 7, 6; Pall. 1, 19, 3; so Veg. 1, 17, 4; 1, 17, 5; 5, 25, 1 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > assero

  • 12 bellum

    bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.
    I.
    Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

    bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

    Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

    legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

    quae domi duellique male fecisti,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

    quique agent rem duelli,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

    aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

    id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

    puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

    Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

    quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

    id. 22, 10, 2:

    victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

    id. 23, 11, 2:

    si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

    id. 36, 2, 2;

    and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

    id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

    hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

    cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

    vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

    id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]
    II.
    Form bellum.
    A.
    War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).
    1.
    Specifying the enemy.
    a.
    By adjj. denoting the nation:

    omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

    Britannicum bellum,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    Gallicum,

    id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

    Germanicum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

    Sabinum,

    Liv. 1, 26, 4:

    Parthicum,

    Vell. 2, 46, 2;

    similarly: bellum piraticum,

    the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

    Sertorianum bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    Mithridaticum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    Jugurthinum,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

    similarly: bellum regium,

    the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

    bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    Asiaticum,

    id. ib. 22, 64:

    Africum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

    Actiacum,

    Vell. 2, 86, 3:

    Hispaniense,

    id. 2, 55, 2.—
    b.
    With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    Venetorum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

    Helvetiorum,

    id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

    1, 30: Ambiorigis,

    id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

    Pyrrhi, Philippi,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

    Samnitium,

    Liv. 7, 29, 2.—
    c.
    With cum and abl. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    belli causa cum Samnitibus,

    Liv. 7, 29, 3:

    hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

    id. 33, 35, 12:

    novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

    id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—
    (β).
    With cum dependent on the verb:

    quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

    novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

    Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—
    d.
    With adversus and acc. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    bellum adversus Philippum,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

    id. 8, 29, 6.—
    (β).
    With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

    ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

    id. 45, 11, 8:

    bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    e.
    With contra and acc.:

    cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—
    f.
    With in and acc. (very rare):

    Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

    Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—
    g.
    With inter and acc.:

    hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

    Liv. 45, 9, 2.—
    h.
    With apud and acc.:

    secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

    Nep. Att. 9, 1.—
    k.
    With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—
    2.
    With verbs.
    a.
    Referring to the beginning of the war.
    (α).
    Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

    summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

    bellum commotum a Scapula,

    id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

    nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

    Sall. C. 30, 2:

    is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

    Liv. 1, 53, 2:

    insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

    id. 4, 58, 6:

    dii pium movere bellum,

    id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

    concitare,

    Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—
    (β).
    Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

    cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

    Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

    bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

    Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

    parare alicui,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

    bellum terra et mari comparat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

    tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

    bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

    Liv. 4, 55, 7:

    numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—
    (γ).
    Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

    nec jam poterat bellum differri,

    Liv. 2, 30, 7:

    mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

    id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

    omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

    id. ib. 20, 5:

    de integro bellum sumit,

    id. ib. 62, 9:

    iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

    Liv. 38, 19, 3:

    sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

    Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—
    (ε).
    Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

    bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

    suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

    judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

    join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

    cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

    undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

    senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

    id. 6, 9, 5:

    bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

    Vell. 2, 3, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

    consensit et senatus bellum,

    Liv. 8, 6, 8:

    bellum erat consensum,

    id. 1, 32, 12.—
    (η).
    Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

    sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

    id. ib.:

    cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

    id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

    Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

    Liv. 5, 26, 3:

    Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

    id. 6, 22, 6:

    Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

    id. 7, 23, 2:

    quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

    cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

    id. ib. 16, 49:

    hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

    alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

    bellum administrandum permittere,

    id. ib. 21, 61.—
    (θ).
    Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

    ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

    Liv. 1, 32, 13:

    Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

    bellum indici posse existimabat,

    Liv. 1, 22, 4:

    ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

    id. 1, 22, 6:

    ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

    id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—
    (κ).
    Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

    Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

    Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

    ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

    bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    bellum patriae faciet,

    id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

    civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

    3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

    Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

    occupant bellum facere,

    they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

    id. 1, 32, 13:

    populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

    id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

    urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—
    (λ).
    Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

    subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

    aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

    Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    Veiens bellum exortum,

    id. 2, 53, 1.—

    bellum

    (ante-class. and poet.

    duel-lum

    ), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.
    I.
    Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

    bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

    Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

    legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

    quae domi duellique male fecisti,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

    quique agent rem duelli,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

    aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

    id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

    puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

    Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

    quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

    id. 22, 10, 2:

    victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

    id. 23, 11, 2:

    si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

    id. 36, 2, 2;

    and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

    id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

    hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

    cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

    vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

    id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]
    II.
    Form bellum.
    A.
    War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).
    1.
    Specifying the enemy.
    a.
    By adjj. denoting the nation:

    omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

    Britannicum bellum,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    Gallicum,

    id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

    Germanicum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

    Sabinum,

    Liv. 1, 26, 4:

    Parthicum,

    Vell. 2, 46, 2;

    similarly: bellum piraticum,

    the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

    Sertorianum bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    Mithridaticum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    Jugurthinum,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

    similarly: bellum regium,

    the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

    bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    Asiaticum,

    id. ib. 22, 64:

    Africum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

    Actiacum,

    Vell. 2, 86, 3:

    Hispaniense,

    id. 2, 55, 2.—
    b.
    With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    Venetorum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

    Helvetiorum,

    id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

    1, 30: Ambiorigis,

    id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

    Pyrrhi, Philippi,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

    Samnitium,

    Liv. 7, 29, 2.—
    c.
    With cum and abl. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    belli causa cum Samnitibus,

    Liv. 7, 29, 3:

    hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

    id. 33, 35, 12:

    novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

    id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—
    (β).
    With cum dependent on the verb:

    quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

    novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

    Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—
    d.
    With adversus and acc. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    bellum adversus Philippum,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

    id. 8, 29, 6.—
    (β).
    With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

    ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

    id. 45, 11, 8:

    bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    e.
    With contra and acc.:

    cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—
    f.
    With in and acc. (very rare):

    Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

    Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—
    g.
    With inter and acc.:

    hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

    Liv. 45, 9, 2.—
    h.
    With apud and acc.:

    secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

    Nep. Att. 9, 1.—
    k.
    With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—
    2.
    With verbs.
    a.
    Referring to the beginning of the war.
    (α).
    Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

    summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

    bellum commotum a Scapula,

    id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

    nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

    Sall. C. 30, 2:

    is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

    Liv. 1, 53, 2:

    insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

    id. 4, 58, 6:

    dii pium movere bellum,

    id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

    concitare,

    Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—
    (β).
    Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

    cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

    Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

    bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

    Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

    parare alicui,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

    bellum terra et mari comparat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

    tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

    bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

    Liv. 4, 55, 7:

    numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—
    (γ).
    Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

    nec jam poterat bellum differri,

    Liv. 2, 30, 7:

    mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

    id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

    omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

    id. ib. 20, 5:

    de integro bellum sumit,

    id. ib. 62, 9:

    iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

    Liv. 38, 19, 3:

    sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

    Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—
    (ε).
    Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

    bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

    suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

    judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

    join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

    cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

    undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

    senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

    id. 6, 9, 5:

    bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

    Vell. 2, 3, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

    consensit et senatus bellum,

    Liv. 8, 6, 8:

    bellum erat consensum,

    id. 1, 32, 12.—
    (η).
    Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

    sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

    id. ib.:

    cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

    id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

    Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

    Liv. 5, 26, 3:

    Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

    id. 6, 22, 6:

    Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

    id. 7, 23, 2:

    quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

    cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

    id. ib. 16, 49:

    hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

    alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

    bellum administrandum permittere,

    id. ib. 21, 61.—
    (θ).
    Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

    ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

    Liv. 1, 32, 13:

    Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

    bellum indici posse existimabat,

    Liv. 1, 22, 4:

    ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

    id. 1, 22, 6:

    ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

    id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—
    (κ).
    Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

    Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

    Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

    ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

    bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    bellum patriae faciet,

    id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

    civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

    3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

    Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

    occupant bellum facere,

    they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

    id. 1, 32, 13:

    populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

    id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

    urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—
    (λ).
    Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

    subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

    aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

    Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    Veiens bellum exortum,

    id. 2, 53, 1.—
    b.
    Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

    bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

    cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

    id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

    cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

    id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

    erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

    bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

    id. ib. 4, 6:

    Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

    Sall. C. 16, 5:

    bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

    Liv. 21, 1, 1:

    alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

    id. 2, 62, 3:

    de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

    id. 23, 25, 5:

    Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

    Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

    bellum bellare,

    Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

    in the same sense: bellum agere,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

    bello persequi aliquem,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—
    (β).
    Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

    necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    bellum trahi non posse,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    belli trahendi causa,

    Liv. 5, 11, 8:

    morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

    id. 9, 27, 5:

    suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

    bellum enim ducetur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

    similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

    Liv. 5, 5, 1.—
    (γ).
    Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

    bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

    quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

    Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

    Liv. 8, 37, 5.—
    c.
    Referring to the end of a war.
    (α).
    Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

    in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    (bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

    id. 31, 31, 19:

    dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

    Sall. J. 112, 1:

    bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

    id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

    velut posito bello,

    Liv. 1, 53, 5:

    manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

    id. 1, 53, 7:

    posito ubique bello,

    Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

    omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

    Liv. 2, 14, 5.—
    (β).
    Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

    timerent ne bellum componeretur,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    si bellum compositum foret,

    Sall. J. 97, 2:

    belli componendi licentiam,

    id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

    similarly: bellum sedare,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    (γ).
    Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

    is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

    bellumque maximum conficies,

    id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

    confecto Mithridatico bello,

    id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

    quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

    4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

    Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

    neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

    Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

    36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

    se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

    id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

    neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

    Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—
    d.
    Less usual connections:

    bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

    alere ac fovere bellum,

    Liv. 42, 11, 5:

    bellum navare alicui,

    Tac. H. 5, 25:

    spargere,

    id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

    serere,

    Liv. 21, 10, 4:

    circumferre,

    Tac. A. 13, 37:

    exercere,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

    bellum ascendit in rupes,

    id. 4, 12, 4:

    bellum serpit in proximos,

    id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

    bella narrare,

    Cic. Or. 9, 30:

    canere bella,

    Quint. 10, 1, 91:

    bella legere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—
    3.
    As object denoting place or time.
    a.
    Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
    (α).
    Of the commander:

    consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

    ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

    ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

    Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

    in bellum,

    Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—
    (β).
    Of persons partaking in a war:

    si proficiscerer ad bellum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —
    b.
    Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—
    c.
    In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

    in bella sequi,

    id. ib. 8, 547.—
    d.
    Of time.
    (α).
    In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

    valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

    domi duellique,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

    quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

    paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

    Sall. J. 41, 7:

    animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

    id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

    bello domique,

    id. 1, 34, 12:

    domi belloque,

    id. 9, 26, 21; and:

    neque bello, neque domi,

    id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

    simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

    Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—
    (β).
    In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

    ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

    in ipso bello eadem sensi,

    id. Marcell. 5, 14:

    in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

    Liv. 2, 24, 8:

    in eo bello,

    id. 23, 46, 6:

    in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

    id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

    ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

    qui in bello occiderunt,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

    Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

    in bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—
    (γ).
    Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    bello Italico,

    id. Pis. 36, 87:

    Veienti bello,

    id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

    domestico bello,

    id. Planc. 29, 70:

    qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

    Liv. 23, 12, 11:

    victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1:

    nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

    id. 9, 18, 9:

    bello civili,

    Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

    praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

    qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

    Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

    res pace belloque gestas,

    Liv. 2, 1, 1:

    egregieque rebus bello gestis,

    id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

    ludi bello voti,

    id. 4, 35. 3:

    princeps pace belloque,

    id. 7, 1, 9:

    Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

    id. 45, 42, 7:

    bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—
    (δ).
    Inter bellum (rare):

    cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

    Liv. 2, 14, 2:

    inter haec bella consules... facti,

    id. 2, 63, 1.—
    4.
    Bellum in attributive connection.
    a.
    Justum bellum.
    (α).
    A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

    justum piumque bellum,

    Liv. 1, 23, 4:

    non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

    id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—
    (β).
    A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

    in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

    Liv. 1, 15, 1.—
    b.
    For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—
    c.
    Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

    quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

    Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

    haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

    Sall. C. 37, 9:

    eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

    Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

    exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

    cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

    id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

    Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

    Liv. 5, 16, 8.—
    d.
    Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

    adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

    Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—
    e.
    Belli artes, military skill:

    cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

    Liv. 1, 35, 1:

    haud ignotas belli artes,

    id. 21, 1, 2:

    temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

    id. 1, 21, 6.—
    f.
    Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

    in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

    sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

    Liv. 5, 27, 6:

    jure belli res vindicatur,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—
    g.
    Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

    trium simul bellorum victor,

    a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

    victor tot bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1). —
    h.
    Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of things concr. and abstr.:

    qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

    Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

    bellum contra aras et focos,

    id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

    id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

    ventri Indico bellum,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—
    2.
    Of animals:

    milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

    hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

    Ov. M. 6, 92.—
    3.
    With individuals:

    quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

    nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

    cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

    id. Sull. 9, 28:

    hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

    Liv. 2, 12, 11:

    falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

    id. 3, 25, 3:

    tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

    id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

    equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

    Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—
    4.
    In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—
    5.
    Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

    tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

    Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

    sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

    Verg. A. 7, 607:

    mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

    id. ib. 6, 279.—
    6.
    Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

    permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

    Ov. M. 12, 24:

    sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

    Sil. 7, 472:

    quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

    Stat. Th. 9, 490.—
    7.
    Battle, = proelium:

    rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

    Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

    Liv. 8, 10, 7:

    commisso statim bello,

    Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

    Actia bella,

    Verg. A. 8, 675:

    ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

    id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —
    8.
    Bellum = liber de bello:

    quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

    Cic. Sen. 14, 50.
    b.
    Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

    bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

    cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

    id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

    cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

    id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

    erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

    bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

    id. ib. 4, 6:

    Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

    Sall. C. 16, 5:

    bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

    Liv. 21, 1, 1:

    alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

    id. 2, 62, 3:

    de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

    id. 23, 25, 5:

    Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

    Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

    bellum bellare,

    Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

    in the same sense: bellum agere,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

    bello persequi aliquem,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—
    (β).
    Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

    necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    bellum trahi non posse,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    belli trahendi causa,

    Liv. 5, 11, 8:

    morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

    id. 9, 27, 5:

    suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

    bellum enim ducetur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

    similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

    Liv. 5, 5, 1.—
    (γ).
    Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

    bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

    quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

    Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

    Liv. 8, 37, 5.—
    c.
    Referring to the end of a war.
    (α).
    Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

    in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    (bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

    id. 31, 31, 19:

    dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

    Sall. J. 112, 1:

    bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

    id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

    velut posito bello,

    Liv. 1, 53, 5:

    manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

    id. 1, 53, 7:

    posito ubique bello,

    Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

    omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

    Liv. 2, 14, 5.—
    (β).
    Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

    timerent ne bellum componeretur,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    si bellum compositum foret,

    Sall. J. 97, 2:

    belli componendi licentiam,

    id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

    similarly: bellum sedare,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    (γ).
    Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

    is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

    bellumque maximum conficies,

    id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

    confecto Mithridatico bello,

    id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

    quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

    4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

    Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

    neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

    Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

    36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

    se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

    id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

    neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

    Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—
    d.
    Less usual connections:

    bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

    alere ac fovere bellum,

    Liv. 42, 11, 5:

    bellum navare alicui,

    Tac. H. 5, 25:

    spargere,

    id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

    serere,

    Liv. 21, 10, 4:

    circumferre,

    Tac. A. 13, 37:

    exercere,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

    bellum ascendit in rupes,

    id. 4, 12, 4:

    bellum serpit in proximos,

    id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

    bella narrare,

    Cic. Or. 9, 30:

    canere bella,

    Quint. 10, 1, 91:

    bella legere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—
    3.
    As object denoting place or time.
    a.
    Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
    (α).
    Of the commander:

    consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

    ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

    ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

    Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

    in bellum,

    Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—
    (β).
    Of persons partaking in a war:

    si proficiscerer ad bellum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —
    b.
    Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—
    c.
    In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

    in bella sequi,

    id. ib. 8, 547.—
    d.
    Of time.
    (α).
    In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

    valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

    domi duellique,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

    quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

    paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

    Sall. J. 41, 7:

    animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

    id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

    bello domique,

    id. 1, 34, 12:

    domi belloque,

    id. 9, 26, 21; and:

    neque bello, neque domi,

    id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

    simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

    Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—
    (β).
    In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

    ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

    in ipso bello eadem sensi,

    id. Marcell. 5, 14:

    in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

    Liv. 2, 24, 8:

    in eo bello,

    id. 23, 46, 6:

    in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

    id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

    ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

    qui in bello occiderunt,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

    Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

    in bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—
    (γ).
    Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    bello Italico,

    id. Pis. 36, 87:

    Veienti bello,

    id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

    domestico bello,

    id. Planc. 29, 70:

    qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

    Liv. 23, 12, 11:

    victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1:

    nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

    id. 9, 18, 9:

    bello civili,

    Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

    praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

    qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

    Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

    res pace belloque gestas,

    Liv. 2, 1, 1:

    egregieque rebus bello gestis,

    id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

    ludi bello voti,

    id. 4, 35. 3:

    princeps pace belloque,

    id. 7, 1, 9:

    Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

    id. 45, 42, 7:

    bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—
    (δ).
    Inter bellum (rare):

    cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

    Liv. 2, 14, 2:

    inter haec bella consules... facti,

    id. 2, 63, 1.—
    4.
    Bellum in attributive connection.
    a.
    Justum bellum.
    (α).
    A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

    justum piumque bellum,

    Liv. 1, 23, 4:

    non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

    id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—
    (β).
    A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

    in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

    Liv. 1, 15, 1.—
    b.
    For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—
    c.
    Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

    quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

    Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

    haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

    Sall. C. 37, 9:

    eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

    Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

    exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

    cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

    id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

    Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

    Liv. 5, 16, 8.—
    d.
    Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

    adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

    Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—
    e.
    Belli artes, military skill:

    cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

    Liv. 1, 35, 1:

    haud ignotas belli artes,

    id. 21, 1, 2:

    temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

    id. 1, 21, 6.—
    f.
    Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

    in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

    sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

    Liv. 5, 27, 6:

    jure belli res vindicatur,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—
    g.
    Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

    trium simul bellorum victor,

    a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

    victor tot bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1). —
    h.
    Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of things concr. and abstr.:

    qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

    Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

    bellum contra aras et focos,

    id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

    id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

    ventri Indico bellum,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—
    2.
    Of animals:

    milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

    hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

    Ov. M. 6, 92.—
    3.
    With individuals:

    quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

    nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

    cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

    id. Sull. 9, 28:

    hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

    Liv. 2, 12, 11:

    falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

    id. 3, 25, 3:

    tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

    id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

    equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

    Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—
    4.
    In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—
    5.
    Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

    tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

    Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

    sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

    Verg. A. 7, 607:

    mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

    id. ib. 6, 279.—
    6.
    Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

    permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

    Ov. M. 12, 24:

    sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

    Sil. 7, 472:

    quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

    Stat. Th. 9, 490.—
    7.
    Battle, = proelium:

    rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

    Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

    Liv. 8, 10, 7:

    commisso statim bello,

    Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

    Actia bella,

    Verg. A. 8, 675:

    ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

    id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —
    8.
    Bellum = liber de bello:

    quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

    Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bellum

  • 13 patrocinor

    pā̆trōcĭnor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. [patronus], to protect, defend, support, patronize, furnish a defence or protection to (mostly post-Aug.; not in Cic.).
    (α).
    With dat.:

    indotatis patrocinari,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 46: ut non homini patrocinemur sed crimin:. Quint. 2, 4, 23:

    patrocinari sibi,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 148: ne ad illud quidem confugere possis, quod plerisque patrocinatur. Tac. Or. 10:

    nonne indignus est, cui exceptio patrocinetur?

    Dig. 2, 11, 2: loco, to defend the place, Auct. Bell. Hisp. 29 fin. —
    (β).
    Absol.:

    patrocinari enim hoc esse aiunt, non judicare,

    Gell. 14, 2, 16.—
    (γ).
    With ad and acc. (late Lat.), Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 5.— Part. perf.: patrocinatus, in a pass. signif., protected, defended (post-class.), Tert. adv. Gnost. 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > patrocinor

  • 14 propugno

    prō-pugno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a.
    I.
    To rush out to fight, go forth to fight, to make sallies or sorties:

    ipsi ex silvis rari propugnabant,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 9; cf. id. ib. 2. 7; id. B. C. 2, 8.—
    II.
    To fight or contend for, to defend a thing (class.; syn.: tutor, defendo).
    A.
    Lit.:

    uno tempore propugnare et munire,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 45:

    pro suo partu,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 79:

    multos e muris propugnantes hastā transfixit,

    Curt. 4, 4, 11. —
    (β).
    With dat. (post-class.):

    propugnare fratri,

    App. M. 9, p. 234, 28:

    puero misello,

    id. ib. 7, p. 200, 13.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    pro aequitate,

    Cic. Off. 1, 19, 62:

    pro salute,

    id. Fam. 11, 16, 2.—With acc. (post-Aug.), to defend:

    absentiam suam,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    dum quae libidine deliquerant, ambitu propugnant,

    Tac. A. 13, 31 fin.; 15, 13:

    pectora parmā,

    Stat. Th. 2. 584; 4, 110.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > propugno

  • 15 tecto

    tĕgo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [Gr. stegô, to cover; tegos, stegos, roof; Sanscr. sthag-, to hide; Germ. decken; Engl thatch], to cover (syn. operio).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    amica corpus ejus (Alcibiadis) texit suo pallio,

    Cic. Div 2, 69, 143:

    capite se totum tegit,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 9:

    (tegillo) tectus esse soleo, si pluvit,

    id. Rud. 2, 7, 19: fere res omnes aut corio sunt Aut etiam conchis [p. 1846] aut callo aut cortice tectae, covered, clothed, Lucr. 4, 936; cf.:

    bestiae aliae coriis tectae sunt, aliae villis vestitae,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

    ut tecti, ut vestiti, ut salvi esse possemus,

    id. ib. 2, 69, 150:

    corpora veste villosā,

    Tib. 2, 3, 76:

    caput galea,

    Prop. 4 (5), 3, 44:

    Mars tunicā adamantinā tectus,

    Hor. C. 1, 6, 13:

    ensis Vaginā tectus,

    id. S. 2, 1, 4. —In Greek constr.:

    primā tectus lanugine malas,

    Ov. M. 12, 291:

    cucullo caput tectus,

    Mart. 5, 14, 6:

    quae (casae) more Gallorum stramentis erant tectae,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 43:

    tectas casas testudinum superficie,

    Plin. 6, 24, 28, § 109:

    musculum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

    domum,

    Dig. 19, 1, 18: naves tectae, covered with decks, decked ( = constratae), Caes. B. C. 1, 56; Liv. 36, 43, 13 (opp. apertae);

    31, 46, 6: tectae instrataeque scaphae,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 100:

    incepto tegeret cum lumina somno,

    Verg. G. 4, 414:

    utne tegam spurco Damae latus?

    i. e. to go by the side of, walk cheek by jowl with, Hor. S. 2, 5, 18; so,

    latus alicui,

    Suet. Claud. 24; cf. aliquem, to surround, attend, accompany:

    omnis eum stipata tegebat Turba ducum,

    Verg. A. 11, 12; Stat. S. 5, 1, 26: sarta tecta; v. sartus. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To cover, hide, conceal (rare in lit. sense;

    syn.: abscondo, occulto): Caesar tectis insignibus suorum occultatisque signis militaribus, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

    fugientem silvae texerunt,

    id. ib. 6, 30:

    oves (silva),

    Ov. M. 13, 822:

    quas (tabellas) tegat in tepido sinu,

    id. A. A. 3, 622:

    ferae latibulis se tegunt,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42; cf.:

    nebula matutina texerat inceptum,

    Liv. 41, 2, 4:

    Scipionem nebulae possiderent ac tegerent,

    Vop. prol. 2. —
    2.
    To shelter, protect, defend (rare in lit. sense); constr., in analogy with defendere and tueri, aliquid ab aliquo or ab aliquā re:

    qui portus ab Africo tegebatur, ab Austro non erat tutus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 26:

    ut alter (ordo propugnatorum) ponte ab incidentibus telis tegeretur,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

    aliquem conservare et tegere,

    id. ib. 1, 85:

    tempestas et nostros texit et naves Rhodias afflixit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5; Sall. J. 101, 4:

    triumpho, si licet me latere tecto abscedere,

    i. e. with a whole skin, safe, unhurt, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 5.— Pass. in mid. force:

    tegi magis Romani quam pugnare,

    Liv. 4, 37, 11.—
    3.
    To cover over, bury, enclose ( poet.):

    te modo terra tegat,

    Prop. 2, 26, 44 (3, 22, 24):

    sit tibi terra levis mollique tegaris harenā,

    Mart. 9, 29, 11:

    ossa tegebat humus,

    Ov. M. 15, 56:

    ossa tegit tumulus,

    id. Am. 2, 6, 59:

    Sicanio tegitur sepulcro,

    Luc. 2, 548. —
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to cover (very rare):

    tempestas, mihi quae modestiam omnem, Detexit tectus quā fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 7. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. B. 1.) To cloak, hide, veil, conceal, keep secret (freq. and class.):

    triumphi nomine tegere atque velare cupiditatem suam,

    Cic. Pis. 24, 56:

    multis simulationum involucris tegitur et quasi velis quibusdam obtenditur unius cujusque natura,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 15:

    ignaviam suam tenebrarum ac parietum custodiis tegere,

    id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

    animus ejus vultu, flagitia parietibus tegebantur,

    id. Sest. 9, 22:

    summam prudentiam simulatione stultitiae,

    id. Brut. 14, 53:

    honestā praescriptione rem turpissimam,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 32; cf.:

    turpia facta oratione,

    Sall. J. 85, 31:

    aliquid mendacio,

    Cic. Quint. 26, 81:

    nomen tyranni humanitate,

    Nep. Dion, 1:

    commissum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 38; id. A. P. 200:

    non uti corporis vulnera, ita exercitus incommoda sunt tegenda,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 31:

    nostram sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

    dira supplicia,

    Verg. A. 6, 498:

    causam doloris,

    Ov. M. 13, 748:

    pectoribus dabas multa tegenda meis,

    id. Tr. 3, 6, 10: ignobilitatis tegendae causā, Cap. Max. 8. —
    2.
    (Acc. to I. B. 2.) To defend, protect, guard:

    aliquid excusatione amicitiae,

    Cic. Lael. 12, 43; id. Clu. 11:

    quod is meam salutem atque vitam suā benevolentiā, praesidio custodiāque texisset,

    id. Planc. 1, 1:

    nostri clarissimorum hominum auctoritate leges et jura tecta esse voluerunt,

    id. de Or. 1, 59, 253:

    pericula facile innocentiā tecti repellemus,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:

    qui a patrum crudelibus suppliciis tegere liberos sciant,

    Liv. 1, 53, 8:

    aliquem tegere ac tueri, Cic Fam. 13, 66, 2: libertatem, patriam, parentisque armis tegere,

    Sall. C. 6, 5: ut legatos cura magistratuum magis quam jus gentium ab irā impetuque hominum tegeret, Liv. 8, 6, 7:

    legationisque jure satis tectum se arbitraretur,

    Nep. Pelop. 5, 1.—Hence, tec-tus, a, um, P. a., covered, i. e. hidden, concealed.
    A.
    Lit.:

    cuniculi,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 41. —
    B.
    Trop., hidden, not frank, open, or plain; secret, concealed, disguised; close, reserved, cautious:

    sermo verbis tectus,

    covered, enveloped, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1; cf.

    verba (opp. apertissima),

    id. ib. 9, 22, 5:

    occultior atque tectior cupiditas,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

    amor,

    Ov. R. Am. 619. —

    Of persons: occultus et tectus,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 54:

    tecti esse ad alienos possumus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; cf. in comp.:

    tectior,

    id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    te in dicendo mihi videri tectissimum,

    id. de Or. 2, 73, 296:

    silet ille, tectusque recusat Prodere quemquam,

    Verg. A. 2, 126; cf.:

    quis consideratior illo? Quis tectior?

    Cic. Deiot. 6, 16. — Hence, adv.: tectō, covertly, privily, cautiously:

    et tamen ab illo aperte, tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4. — Comp.:

    tectius,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 2; id. Planc. 10, 8, 5; Ov. A. A. 1, 276.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tecto

  • 16 tego

    tĕgo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [Gr. stegô, to cover; tegos, stegos, roof; Sanscr. sthag-, to hide; Germ. decken; Engl thatch], to cover (syn. operio).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    amica corpus ejus (Alcibiadis) texit suo pallio,

    Cic. Div 2, 69, 143:

    capite se totum tegit,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 9:

    (tegillo) tectus esse soleo, si pluvit,

    id. Rud. 2, 7, 19: fere res omnes aut corio sunt Aut etiam conchis [p. 1846] aut callo aut cortice tectae, covered, clothed, Lucr. 4, 936; cf.:

    bestiae aliae coriis tectae sunt, aliae villis vestitae,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

    ut tecti, ut vestiti, ut salvi esse possemus,

    id. ib. 2, 69, 150:

    corpora veste villosā,

    Tib. 2, 3, 76:

    caput galea,

    Prop. 4 (5), 3, 44:

    Mars tunicā adamantinā tectus,

    Hor. C. 1, 6, 13:

    ensis Vaginā tectus,

    id. S. 2, 1, 4. —In Greek constr.:

    primā tectus lanugine malas,

    Ov. M. 12, 291:

    cucullo caput tectus,

    Mart. 5, 14, 6:

    quae (casae) more Gallorum stramentis erant tectae,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 43:

    tectas casas testudinum superficie,

    Plin. 6, 24, 28, § 109:

    musculum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 10:

    domum,

    Dig. 19, 1, 18: naves tectae, covered with decks, decked ( = constratae), Caes. B. C. 1, 56; Liv. 36, 43, 13 (opp. apertae);

    31, 46, 6: tectae instrataeque scaphae,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 100:

    incepto tegeret cum lumina somno,

    Verg. G. 4, 414:

    utne tegam spurco Damae latus?

    i. e. to go by the side of, walk cheek by jowl with, Hor. S. 2, 5, 18; so,

    latus alicui,

    Suet. Claud. 24; cf. aliquem, to surround, attend, accompany:

    omnis eum stipata tegebat Turba ducum,

    Verg. A. 11, 12; Stat. S. 5, 1, 26: sarta tecta; v. sartus. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To cover, hide, conceal (rare in lit. sense;

    syn.: abscondo, occulto): Caesar tectis insignibus suorum occultatisque signis militaribus, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

    fugientem silvae texerunt,

    id. ib. 6, 30:

    oves (silva),

    Ov. M. 13, 822:

    quas (tabellas) tegat in tepido sinu,

    id. A. A. 3, 622:

    ferae latibulis se tegunt,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42; cf.:

    nebula matutina texerat inceptum,

    Liv. 41, 2, 4:

    Scipionem nebulae possiderent ac tegerent,

    Vop. prol. 2. —
    2.
    To shelter, protect, defend (rare in lit. sense); constr., in analogy with defendere and tueri, aliquid ab aliquo or ab aliquā re:

    qui portus ab Africo tegebatur, ab Austro non erat tutus,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 26:

    ut alter (ordo propugnatorum) ponte ab incidentibus telis tegeretur,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

    aliquem conservare et tegere,

    id. ib. 1, 85:

    tempestas et nostros texit et naves Rhodias afflixit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5; Sall. J. 101, 4:

    triumpho, si licet me latere tecto abscedere,

    i. e. with a whole skin, safe, unhurt, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 5.— Pass. in mid. force:

    tegi magis Romani quam pugnare,

    Liv. 4, 37, 11.—
    3.
    To cover over, bury, enclose ( poet.):

    te modo terra tegat,

    Prop. 2, 26, 44 (3, 22, 24):

    sit tibi terra levis mollique tegaris harenā,

    Mart. 9, 29, 11:

    ossa tegebat humus,

    Ov. M. 15, 56:

    ossa tegit tumulus,

    id. Am. 2, 6, 59:

    Sicanio tegitur sepulcro,

    Luc. 2, 548. —
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to cover (very rare):

    tempestas, mihi quae modestiam omnem, Detexit tectus quā fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 7. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. B. 1.) To cloak, hide, veil, conceal, keep secret (freq. and class.):

    triumphi nomine tegere atque velare cupiditatem suam,

    Cic. Pis. 24, 56:

    multis simulationum involucris tegitur et quasi velis quibusdam obtenditur unius cujusque natura,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5, § 15:

    ignaviam suam tenebrarum ac parietum custodiis tegere,

    id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

    animus ejus vultu, flagitia parietibus tegebantur,

    id. Sest. 9, 22:

    summam prudentiam simulatione stultitiae,

    id. Brut. 14, 53:

    honestā praescriptione rem turpissimam,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 32; cf.:

    turpia facta oratione,

    Sall. J. 85, 31:

    aliquid mendacio,

    Cic. Quint. 26, 81:

    nomen tyranni humanitate,

    Nep. Dion, 1:

    commissum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 38; id. A. P. 200:

    non uti corporis vulnera, ita exercitus incommoda sunt tegenda,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 31:

    nostram sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:

    dira supplicia,

    Verg. A. 6, 498:

    causam doloris,

    Ov. M. 13, 748:

    pectoribus dabas multa tegenda meis,

    id. Tr. 3, 6, 10: ignobilitatis tegendae causā, Cap. Max. 8. —
    2.
    (Acc. to I. B. 2.) To defend, protect, guard:

    aliquid excusatione amicitiae,

    Cic. Lael. 12, 43; id. Clu. 11:

    quod is meam salutem atque vitam suā benevolentiā, praesidio custodiāque texisset,

    id. Planc. 1, 1:

    nostri clarissimorum hominum auctoritate leges et jura tecta esse voluerunt,

    id. de Or. 1, 59, 253:

    pericula facile innocentiā tecti repellemus,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:

    qui a patrum crudelibus suppliciis tegere liberos sciant,

    Liv. 1, 53, 8:

    aliquem tegere ac tueri, Cic Fam. 13, 66, 2: libertatem, patriam, parentisque armis tegere,

    Sall. C. 6, 5: ut legatos cura magistratuum magis quam jus gentium ab irā impetuque hominum tegeret, Liv. 8, 6, 7:

    legationisque jure satis tectum se arbitraretur,

    Nep. Pelop. 5, 1.—Hence, tec-tus, a, um, P. a., covered, i. e. hidden, concealed.
    A.
    Lit.:

    cuniculi,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 41. —
    B.
    Trop., hidden, not frank, open, or plain; secret, concealed, disguised; close, reserved, cautious:

    sermo verbis tectus,

    covered, enveloped, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1; cf.

    verba (opp. apertissima),

    id. ib. 9, 22, 5:

    occultior atque tectior cupiditas,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

    amor,

    Ov. R. Am. 619. —

    Of persons: occultus et tectus,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 54:

    tecti esse ad alienos possumus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; cf. in comp.:

    tectior,

    id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    te in dicendo mihi videri tectissimum,

    id. de Or. 2, 73, 296:

    silet ille, tectusque recusat Prodere quemquam,

    Verg. A. 2, 126; cf.:

    quis consideratior illo? Quis tectior?

    Cic. Deiot. 6, 16. — Hence, adv.: tectō, covertly, privily, cautiously:

    et tamen ab illo aperte, tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4. — Comp.:

    tectius,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 2; id. Planc. 10, 8, 5; Ov. A. A. 1, 276.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tego

  • 17 teneo

    tĕnĕo, tĕnŭi, tentum, 2 ( perf. subj. tetinerim, Pac. ap. Non. 178, 15:

    tetinerit,

    Att. ib. 178, 12:

    tetinisse,

    Pac. ib. 178, 11; fut. perf. tetinero, acc. to Fest. p. 252 Müll. Another collat. form of the perf. tenivi, acc. to Charis. p. 220 P.; Diom. pp. 363 and 369 ib.), v. a. and n. [root ten-, tan-; Gr. tanumai, teinô; Sanscr. tanomi, to stretch, spread; this root appears in many derived meanings; cf. Lat.: tendo, tenuis, tener, tenor, tenus].
    I.
    Act., to hold, keep, have in the hand, in the mouth, etc.
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.: Eu. Porrige bracchium, prehende: jam tenes? Cha. Teneo. Eu. Tene, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 42; cf.

    argentum,

    id. Pers. 3, 3, 9:

    cum pyxidem teneret in manu,

    Cic. Cael. 26, 63;

    for which: aliquid manu,

    Quint. 10, 7, 31; Ov. M. 11, 560; id. A. A. 1, 320; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 34:

    aliquid dextrā,

    Ov. F. 1, 99:

    digitis,

    id. ib. 2, 102; id. M. 9, 86; 9, 522:

    lacertis,

    id. ib. 2, 100 al.:

    radicem ore,

    Cic. Div. 2, 68, 141:

    cibum ore,

    Phaedr. 1, 4, 6;

    for which: decoctum diu in ore,

    Plin. 25, 13, 105, § 166:

    aliquem in sinu,

    Ov. H. 3, 114;

    for which: aliquem sinu,

    id. ib. 13, 157:

    flabellulum,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 50:

    facem,

    Verg. A. 6, 224:

    telum,

    Liv. 2, 19. — Prov.: manu tenere aliquid, to seize, grasp, or comprehend a thing which is palpable or evident: aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias: leges, quātenus manu tenere possunt;

    philosophi, quātenus ratione et intellegentiā,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; cf.:

    cum res non conjecturā, sed oculis ac manibus teneretur,

    id. Clu. 7, 20. —
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    With the accessory idea of possession, to hold, i. e. to be master of, have in one ' s power, possess, etc. (syn.:

    possideo, habeo): multa hereditatibus, multa emptionibus, multa dotibus tenebantur sine injuriā,

    Cic. Off. 2, 23, 81:

    quae tenuit dives Achaemenes,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 21:

    Evander qui multis ante tempestatibus tenuerat loca,

    Liv. 1, 5:

    provinciam a praedonibus liberam,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 32:

    colles praesidiis,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 43:

    Formiarum moenia et Lirim,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 8:

    tenente Caesare terras,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 15:

    rem publicam,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83; id. Sest. 19, 44:

    summam imperii,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 22:

    equitum centurias,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3:

    alterum cornu,

    to command, Nep. Pelop. 4, 3:

    provincias aliaque omnia,

    Sall. C. 39, 2: scenam, to have sole possession of. [p. 1854] rule over, Suet. Tit. 7. —

    Of the possession of the object of affection: te tenet,

    Tib. 1, 6, 35; 2, 6, 52; Verg. E. 1, 32; Ov. H. 2, 103 Ruhnk.; 15, 88; id. Am. 3, 7, 3; Phaedr. 2, 2, 4.—In colloq. lang., teneo te, I have you once more, of again seeing the beloved person:

    teneone te, Antiphila, maxime animo exoptata meo?

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 27 Ruhnk.; Sen. Ben. 7, 4; Ov. H. 18, 183; cf.:

    et comitem Aenean juxta natumque tenebat Ingrediens,

    Verg. A. 8, 308.—Also like our I have you (fast, bound, etc.):

    teneo te, inquam, nam ista Academiae est propria sententia,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Quint. 20, 63.— Absol.: qui tenent (sc. rem publicam), who are in possession of the State, of public affairs:

    qui tenent, qui potiuntur,

    Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; 2, 18, 1. —
    b.
    With the accessory idea of firmness, persistence, to hold fast, occupy; to watch, guard, defend; to maintain, retain a thing:

    legio locum non tenuit atque in proximum collem se recepit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 44:

    montes teneri,

    id. B. G. 3, 2:

    haec noctu firmis praesidiis tenebantur,

    id. ib. 7, 69:

    Capitolia celsa tenebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 653:

    quo teneam Protea nodo?

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 90:

    te neque intra Claustra tenebo,

    id. C. 3, 11, 44; cf.:

    in manicis et Compedibus saevo te sub custode tenebo,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 77: laqueis (se) sensit teneri... fugam frustra tentabat;

    at illam Lenta tenet radix exsultantemque coërcet,

    Ov. M. 11, 74 sq.; 1, 535:

    Athenae tuae sempiternam in arce oleam tenere potuerunt,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

    agri qui diu aquam tenent,

    Pall. Apr. 2, 4:

    classem ibi tenebat,

    Liv. 31, 46, 8: secundissimo vento cursum tenere, to hold or keep one ' s course, Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; cf.:

    vento intermisso cursum non tenuit,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8; 4, 28; so,

    cursum,

    Cic. Planc. 21, 52; id. Rep. 1, 2, 3 fin.; Quint. 4, 3, 13:

    quo iter,

    Verg. A. 1, 370; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 10:

    (lunam) fingunt cursus viam sub sole tenere,

    Lucr. 5, 714:

    tenuit tamen vestigia Bucar,

    Liv. 29, 32, 6.—
    c.
    With the accessory idea of reaching the object aimed at, to reach, attain a place:

    montes effuso cursu Sabini petebant et pauci tenuere,

    Liv. 1, 37, 4:

    regionem,

    id. 30, 25, 11:

    Tenum,

    id. 36, 21, 1:

    terram,

    id. 37, 16, 4; 37, 11, 5; 37, 13, 4;

    26, 29, 4: Hesperiam,

    Ov. F. 1, 498:

    portus,

    id. H. 18, 198; Tac. Agr. 38 fin.:

    cum quibus (navibus) Cythnum insulam tenuit,

    id. H. 2, 9.—
    d.
    With the accessory idea of movement impeded, to hold fast, hold back, hinder, restrain, detain, check, control, stay, etc.:

    naves, quae vento tenebantur,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 22:

    quid hic agatur, scire poteris ex eo, qui litteras attulit, quem diutius tenui, quia, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 11, 3, 1:

    si id te non tenet, advola,

    id. Fam. 16, 19:

    septimum jam diem Corcyrae tenebamur,

    id. ib. 16, 7 init.:

    Marcellum ab gerundis rebus valetudo adversa Nolae tenuit,

    Liv. 24, 20, 7:

    non tenebo te pluribus,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; cf. absol.:

    ne diutius teneam,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34: solutum (corpus) tenere, Cels. praef. med.; cf.

    ventrem,

    id. 4, 19 med.:

    tene linguam,

    Ov. F. 2, 602:

    pecus omne tenendum,

    Verg. G. 2, 371:

    vix a te videor posse tenere manus,

    Ov. Am. 1, 4, 10; so,

    manus,

    id. M. 13, 203; cf.:

    manum stomachumque teneto,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 44:

    saeva tene cum Berecyntio Cornu tympana,

    id. C. 1, 18, 13:

    et Phoebi tenuere viam,

    i. e. impeded, closed up, Luc. 5, 136:

    quo me decet usque teneri?

    Verg. A. 5, 384:

    lacrimas,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 39; so,

    lacrimas in morte miserā non tenebamus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:

    dictator exercitum in stativis tenebat,

    Liv. 6, 14, 1. —
    (β).
    Esp.: se tenere, to keep back, remain, stay:

    Sabinus castris sese tenebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 17; 1, 40; Liv. 2, 45, 2:

    nullā clade acceptā castris se pavidus tenebat,

    id. 3, 26, 3:

    Hasdrubal procul ab hoste intervallo tenebat se,

    id. 23, 26, 2:

    se domi a conventu remotum tenere,

    Nep. Dion, 9, 1:

    ego tamen teneo ab accusando vix me hercule: sed tamen teneo,

    restrain myself, refrain, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

    nec se tenuit, quin, etc.,

    id. Ac. 2, 4, 12; cf.

    mid.: teneri non potui, quin tibi apertius illud idem his litteris declararem,

    id. Att. 15, 14, 2; Just. 6, 7, 10; cf.:

    se intra silentium tenuit,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 8:

    multum me intra silentium tenui,

    id. ib. 7, 6, 6.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    In gen., to hold, contain in the mind, to conceive, comprehend, know (syn.:

    percipio, intellego): nunc ego teneo, nunc scio, Quid sit hoc negotii,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 39: tenes Quorsum haec tendant quae loquor, id. Ps. 1, 2, 81:

    tenes, quid dicam?

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 22:

    teneo,

    I understand, id. And. 1, 1, 59:

    teneo quid erret,

    id. 3, 2, 18; Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37; cf.: quibus capiatur Caesar, tenes, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 5:

    quae a Romanis auguribus ignorantur, a Cilicibus... Lyciis tenentur,

    Cic. Div. 1, 15, 25:

    quoniam ea, quae tenebatis ipsi, etiam ex me audire voluistis,

    id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

    alicujus reconditos sensus,

    id. Sest. 10, 22:

    quo pacto cuncta tenerem,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 8:

    et teneo melius ista,

    Mart. 4, 37, 7.—With inf.:

    nullus frugi esse homo potest, nisi qui et bene facere et male tenet,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 10; Lucr. 3, 647.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To have possession of, have the mastery of, to control any thing:

    cum rem publicam opes paucorum non virtutes tenere coeperunt,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51.—
    b.
    To hold fast, guard, preserve, uphold, keep, insist (syn. servo):

    sin consuetudinem meam, quam in re publicā semper habui, tenuero,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 27:

    ordinem,

    id. ib. 5, 13, 35:

    portum,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

    statum,

    id. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

    non tenebat ornatum suum civitas,

    id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

    si jus suum populi teneant,

    id. ib. 1, 32, 48:

    nec diutius umquam tenetur idem rei publicae modus,

    id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

    est boni viri, haec duo tenere in amicitiā, etc.,

    id. Lael. 18, 65:

    morem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 44; so id. Fl. 7, 15; Verg. A. 3, 408:

    foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 15, 34:

    tenebat non modo auctoritatem, sed etiam imperium in suos,

    id. Sen. 11, 37:

    silentium,

    Liv. 1, 28, 8.—
    c.
    To hold fast, maintain, support, defend, uphold, insist:

    illud arcte tenent accurateque defendunt, voluptatem esse summum bonum,

    hold fast, maintain, Cic. Par. 1, 3, 14; cf.:

    illud, quod multos annos tenuisset,

    id. Ac. 2, 22, 71; and:

    quod idem Peripatetici non tenent,

    id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

    propositum tenere,

    to maintain, Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 1:

    suas leges,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 13:

    causam apud centumviros,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    quo causae teste tenentur,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 43:

    locum quendam cum aliquo,

    Cic. Brut. 21, 81.— With ne:

    plebs tenuit, ne consules in proximum annum crearentur,

    Liv. 4, 30, 16:

    ne quid ferretur ad populum, patres tenuere,

    id. 3, 29, 8; 24, 19, 7. — With ut:

    tenuere patres, ut Fabius consul crearetur,

    Liv. 2, 42, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    scripseram tenuisse Varenum ut sibi evocare testes liceret,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 5, 1.—
    d.
    Of memory:

    alicujus memoriam cum summā benevolentiā tenere,

    to recollect, preserve a recollection of, Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1.—Esp.:

    memoriā tenere: memoriā tenetis, compluris in Capitolio res de caelo esse percussas,

    you remember, Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19; id. Fam. 1, 9, 12; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; cf.:

    memoriā teneo, C. Sulpicium Gallum, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 14, 21; v. memoria; so without memoria, to bear in mind, remember, recollect:

    satin' haec meministi et tenes?

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

    numeros memini, si verba tenerem,

    Verg. E. 9, 45:

    dicta tenere,

    Hor. A. P. 336; id. S. 2, 4, 8:

    quem (Cyrum) omnia militum tenuisse creditum est nomina,

    Quint. 11, 2, 50; 11, 2, 45.—
    e.
    To reach an object striven after, to gain, acquire, obtain, attain (syn. assequor):

    per cursum rectum regnum tenere,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 44:

    Servium Tullium post hunc captivā natum, ingenio virtute regnum tenuisse,

    Liv. 4, 3, 12:

    teneri res aliter non potest,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

    multa tenuisse,

    Liv. 42, 11, 8:

    causam,

    Ov. M. 13, 190.—
    f.
    To hold, hold back, repress, restrain, bind, fetter, etc. (syn.:

    refreno, retineo): iracundiam teneat, avaritiam coërceat,

    Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

    dolorem,

    id. Att. 12, 38, 2:

    cupiditates,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

    somnum,

    id. Brut. 80, 278:

    risum,

    id. Vatin. 8, 20; Hor. A. P. 5:

    iram,

    Curt. 4, 2, 5:

    ea, quae occurrant, tenere,

    to hold back, keep to themselves, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.—
    g.
    Of laws, etc., to bind, hold, obligate, be binding on, control, etc.:

    quamquam leges eum non tenent,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11; cf.:

    interdicto non teneri,

    id. Caecin. 14, 41:

    voto quodam et promisso teneri,

    id. Att. 12, 18, 1:

    ut plebi scita omnes Quirites tenerent,

    Liv. 8, 12, 14; cf.:

    olim patricii dicebant se plebi scitis non teneri,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 3:

    cum velut in controverso jure esset, tenerenturne patres plebi scitis, legem tulere, ut quod tributim plebis jussisset, populum teneret,

    Liv. 3, 55, 3:

    teneri alienis foederibus,

    id. 24, 29, 11: poenā teneri, to be subject or liable to, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5:

    testibus in re perspicuā teneri,

    to be convicted, id. Caecin. 2, 4; cf.: nemo ita in manifesto peccatu tenebatur, ut, etc., id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191:

    caedis teneri,

    Quint. 5, 14, 11:

    teneri repetundarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 7 fin.:

    furti,

    Dig. 6, 1, 4:

    injuriarum,

    ib. 47, 10, 11:

    mandati,

    ib. 17, 1, 10.— Transf.:

    nisi illi ipsi, qui eas (libidines) frangere deberent, cupiditatis ejusdem tenerentur,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31 Mos. and Orell. N. cr. —
    h.
    Of dispositions, desires, etc., to possess, occupy, control:

    quae te tanta pravitas mentis tenuerit, ut, etc.,

    has had possession of you, Cic. Vatin. 6, 14:

    summum me eorum (librorum) studium tenet,

    id. Att. 1, 11, 3:

    magna me spes tenet,

    id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

    de triumpho nulla me cupiditas umquam tenuit,

    id. Att. 7, 2, 6:

    si consilio pulso libidines iracundiaeve tenerent omnia,

    id. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

    nisi forte quem inhonesta et perniciosa libido tenet,

    Sall. J. 3, 4: neque irā neque gratiā teneri, to be controlled or influenced, Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 45; so,

    teneri desiderio,

    id. Sen. 10, 33:

    studio philosophiae,

    id. Ac. 1, 2, 4:

    magno amore,

    Verg. A. 1, 675:

    pompā, ludis atque ejusmodi spectaculis teneri,

    to be enchained, fascinated, Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 48; cf.:

    ut oculi picturā teneantur, aures cantibus,

    id. Ac. 2, 7, 20:

    is qui audit, ab oratore jam obsessus est ac tenetur,

    id. Or. 62, 210.—With ne, Ov. M. 7, 146. —
    k.
    To take in, comprise, comprehend, include:

    haec magnos formula reges, Excepto sapiente, tenet,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 46.—More freq. pass.: teneri aliquā re, to be contained, comprised, grounded, to consist in a thing:

    ut homines deorum agnatione et gente teneantur,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23:

    id quod (genus officiorum) teneatur hominum societate,

    id. Off. 1, 45, 160:

    quae (causae) familiaritate et consuetudine tenentur,

    id. Fam. 13, 29, 1:

    dixi jam antea, ipsam rationem arandi spe magis et jucunditate quadam quam fructu atque emolumento teneri,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227.
    II.
    Neutr. (freq. after the Aug. per.; perh. not in Cic.).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    To hold a position anywhere, maintain one ' s self:

    quā abscisae rupes erant, statio paucorum armatorum tenebat,

    Liv. 32, 5, 12:

    duo extra ordinem milia tenuere,

    id. 3, 62, 7:

    tenent Danai, quā deficit ignis,

    Verg. A. 2, 505.—
    2.
    For cursum tenere, to hold or take one ' s way, to sail, steer in any direction:

    Aeneam... ab Siciliā classe ad Laurentem agrum tenuisse,

    Liv. 1, 1, 4:

    Cassandream petentes, primo ad Mendin tenuere,

    Liv. 31, 45, 14:

    ad Mendaeum,

    id. 21, 49, 2:

    Diam,

    Ov. M. 3, 690:

    Creten,

    id. ib. 13, 706:

    Hesperiam,

    id. F. 1, 498:

    Ausoniam,

    id. ib. 4, 290 al.:

    medio tutissimus ibis... Inter utrumque tene,

    Ov. M. 2, 140.—
    B.
    Trop., with the accessory idea of continuance (cf. I. A. 2. b. and B. 2. b. supra), to hold out, hold on, last, endure, continue, maintain itself, prevail, etc. (cf. obtineo):

    imber per noctem totam tenuit,

    Liv. 23, 44, 6; cf.:

    incendium per duas noctes ac diem unum tenuit,

    id. 24, 47, 15:

    per aliquot dies ea consultatio tenuit,

    id. 2, 3, 5; 3, 47, 6:

    tenet fama, lupam, etc.,

    id. 1, 4, 6:

    quod nunc quoque tenet nomen,

    id. 1, 17, 6:

    fama tenuit, haud plus fuisse modio,

    id. 23, 12, 2; 21, 46, 10:

    tenuit consuetudo, quae cottidie magis invalescit, ut, etc.,

    Quint. 2, 1, 1 Spald.; so,

    consuetudo, ut, etc.,

    id. 8, 5, 2:

    nomen illud tenet,

    id. 9, 4, 47 Spald.; cf. Ov. M. 1, 712.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > teneo

  • 18 tueor

    tŭĕor, tuĭtus, 2 ( perf. only post-Aug., Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 10; collat. form tūtus, in the part., rare, Sall. J. 74, 3; Front. Strat. 2, 12, 13; but constantly in the P. a.; inf. parag. tuerier, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35; collat. form acc. to the 3d conj. tŭor, Cat. 20, 5; Stat. Th. 3, 151:

    tuĕris,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82:

    tuimur,

    Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 224; 4, 449;

    6, 934: tuamur,

    id. 4, 361:

    tuantur,

    id. 4, 1004; imper. tuĕre, id. 5, 318), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.], orig., to see, to look or gaze upon, to watch, view; hence, pregn., to see or look to, to defend, protect, etc.: tueri duo significat; unum ab aspectu, unde est Ennii illud: tueor te senex? pro Juppiter! (Trag. v. 225 Vahl.);

    alterum a curando ac tutela, ut cum dicimus bellum tueor et tueri villam,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. sq.—Accordingly,
    I.
    To look at, gaze at, behold, watch, view, regard, consider, examine, etc. (only poet.; syn.: specto, adspicio, intueor): quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 32; 414, 3:

    e tenebris, quae sunt in luce, tuemur,

    Lucr. 4, 312:

    ubi nil aliud nisi aquam caelumque tuentur,

    id. 4, 434:

    caeli templa,

    id. 6, 1228 al.:

    tuendo Terribiles oculos, vultum, etc.,

    Verg. A. 8, 265; cf. id. ib. 1, 713:

    talia dicentem jam dudum aversa tuetur,

    id. ib. 4, 362:

    transversa tuentibus hircis,

    id. E. 3, 8:

    acerba tuens,

    looking fiercely, Lucr. 5, 33; cf. Verg. A. 9, 794:

    torva,

    id. ib. 6, 467.—
    (β).
    With object-clause:

    quod multa in terris fieri caeloque tuentur (homines), etc.,

    Lucr. 1, 152; 6, 50; 6, 1163.—
    II.
    Pregn., to look to, care for, keep up, uphold, maintain, support, guard, preserve, defend, protect, etc. (the predom. class. signif. of the word; cf.:

    curo, conservo, tutor, protego, defendo): videte, ne... vobis turpissimum sit, id, quod accepistis, tueri et conservare non posse,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:

    ut quisque eis rebus tuendis conservandisque praefuerat,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, 140:

    omnia,

    id. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

    mores et instituta vitae resque domesticas ac familiares,

    id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

    societatem conjunctionis humanae munifice et aeque,

    id. Fin. 5, 23, 65:

    concordiam,

    id. Att. 1, 17, 10: rem et gratiam et auctoritatem suam, id. Fam. 13, 49, 1:

    dignitatem,

    id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48:

    L. Paulus personam principis civis facile dicendo tuebatur,

    id. Brut. 20, 80:

    personam in re publicā,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 29; cf.: tuum munus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1:

    tueri et sustinere simulacrum pristinae dignitatis,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 41:

    aedem Castoris P. Junius habuit tuendam,

    to keep in good order, id. Verr. 2, 1, 50, § 130; cf. Plin. Pan. 51, 1:

    Bassum ut incustoditum nimis et incautum,

    id. Ep. 6, 29, 10:

    libertatem,

    Tac. A. 3, 27; 14, 60:

    se, vitam corpusque tueri,

    to keep, preserve, Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:

    antea majores copias alere poterat, nunc exiguas vix tueri potest,

    id. Deiot. 8, 22:

    se ac suos tueri,

    Liv. 5, 4, 5:

    sex legiones (re suā),

    Cic. Par. 6, 1, 45:

    armentum paleis,

    Col. 6, 3, 3:

    se ceteris armis prudentiae tueri atque defendere,

    to guard, protect, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 172; cf.:

    tuemini castra et defendite diligenter,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 94:

    suos fines,

    id. B. G. 4, 8:

    portus,

    id. ib. 5, 8:

    oppidum unius legionis praesidio,

    id. B. C. 2, 23:

    oram maritimam,

    id. ib. 3, 34:

    impedimenta,

    to cover, protect, Hirt. B. G. 8, 2.—With ab and abl.:

    fines suos ab excursionibus et latrociniis,

    Cic. Deiot. 8, 22:

    domum a furibus,

    Phaedr. 3, 7, 10: mare ab hostibus, Auct. B. Afr. 8, 2.—With contra:

    quos non parsimoniā tueri potuit contra illius audaciam,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 11:

    liberūm nostrorum pueritiam contra inprobitatem magistratuum,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153; Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152; Tac. A. 6, 47 (41).—With adversus:

    tueri se adversus Romanos,

    Liv. 25, 11, 7:

    nostra adversus vim atque injuriam,

    id. 7, 31, 3:

    adversus Philippum tueri Athenas,

    id. 31, 9, 3; 42, 46, 9; 42, 23, 6:

    arcem adversus tres cohortes tueri,

    Tac. H. 3, 78; Just. 17, 3, 22; 43, 3, 4.—In part. perf.:

    Verres fortiter et industrie tuitus contra piratas Siciliam dicitur,

    Quint. 5, 13, 35 (al. tutatus):

    Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt,

    Sall. J. 74, 3.
    ► 1.
    Act. form tŭĕo, ēre:

    censores vectigalia tuento,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:

    ROGO PER SVPEROS, QVI ESTIS, OSSA MEA TVEATIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 4788.—
    2.
    tŭĕor, ēri, in pass. signif.:

    majores nostri in pace a rusticis Romanis alebantur et in bello ab his tuebantur,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 4; Lucr. 4, 361:

    consilio et operā curatoris tueri debet non solum patrimonium, sed et corpus et salus furiosi,

    Dig. 27, 10, 7:

    voluntas testatoris ex bono et aequo tuebitur,

    ib. 28, 3, 17.—Hence, tūtus, a, um, P. a. (prop. well seen to or guarded; hence), safe, secure, out of danger (cf. securus, free from fear).
    A.
    Lit.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta... contra tuam cupiditatem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

    cum victis nihil tutum arbitrarentur,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 28:

    nec se satis tutum fore arbitratur,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 27; cf.:

    me biremis praesidio scaphae Tutum per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 63; Ov. M. 8, 368:

    tutus bos rura perambulat,

    Hor. C. 4, 5, 17:

    quis locus tam firmum habuit praesidium, ut tutus esset?

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

    mare tutum praestare,

    id. Fl. 13, 31:

    sic existimabat tutissimam fore Galliam,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 54:

    nemus,

    Hor. C. 1, 17, 5:

    via fugae,

    Cic. Caecin. 15, 44; cf.:

    commodior ac tutior receptus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

    perfugium,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 8:

    tutum iter et patens,

    Hor. C. 3, 16, 7:

    tutissima custodia,

    Liv. 31, 23, 9:

    praesidio nostro pasci genus esseque tutum,

    Lucr. 5, 874:

    vitam consistere tutam,

    id. 6, 11:

    tutiorem et opulentiorem vitam hominum reddere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3: est et fideli tuta silentio Merces, secure, sure (diff. from certa, definite, certain), Hor. C. 3, 2, 25:

    tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā!

    id. S. 1, 2, 47:

    non est tua tuta voluntas,

    not without danger, Ov. M. 2, 53:

    in audaces non est audacia tuta,

    id. ib. 10, 544:

    externā vi non tutus modo rex, sed invictus,

    Curt. 6, 7, 1:

    vel tutioris audentiae est,

    Quint. 12, prooem. §

    4: cogitatio tutior,

    id. 10, 7, 19:

    fuit brevitas illa tutissima,

    id. 10, 1, 39:

    regnum et diadema tutum Deferens uni,

    i. e. that cannot be taken away, Hor. C. 2, 2, 21: male tutae mentis Orestes, i. e. unsound, = male sanae, id. S. 2, 3, 137: quicquid habes, age, Depone tutis auribus, qs. carefully guarded, i. e. safe, faithful, id. C. 1, 27, 18 (cf. the opp.: auris rimosa, id. S. 2, 6, 46).— Poet., with gen.:

    (pars ratium) tuta fugae,

    Luc. 9, 346.—
    (β).
    With ab and abl.: tutus ab insidiis inimici, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2:

    ab insidiis,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 117:

    a periculo,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 14:

    ab hoste,

    Ov. H. 11, 44:

    ab hospite,

    id. M. 1, 144:

    a conjuge,

    id. ib. 8, 316:

    a ferro,

    id. ib. 13, 498:

    a bello, id. H. (15) 16, 344: ab omni injuriā,

    Phaedr. 1, 31, 9.—
    (γ).
    With ad and acc.:

    turrim tuendam ad omnis repentinos casus tradidit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 39:

    ad id, quod ne timeatur fortuna facit, minime tuti sunt homines,

    Liv. 25, 38, 14:

    testudinem tutam ad omnes ictus video esse,

    id. 36, 32, 6.—
    (δ).
    With adversus:

    adversus venenorum pericula tutum corpus suum reddere,

    Cels. 5, 23, 3:

    quo tutiores essent adversus ictus sagittarum,

    Curt. 7, 9, 2:

    loci beneficio adversus intemperiem anni tutus est,

    Sen. Ira, 2, 12, 1:

    per quem tutior adversus casus steti,

    Val. Max. 4, 7, ext. 2:

    quorum praesidio tutus adversus hostes esse debuerat,

    Just. 10, 1, 7.—
    (ε).
    With abl.: incendio fere tuta est Alexandria, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 3.—
    b.
    Tutum est, with a subj. -clause, it is prudent or safe, it is the part of a prudent man:

    si dicere palam parum tutum est,

    Quint. 9, 2, 66; 8, 3, 47; 10, 3, 33:

    o nullis tutum credere blanditiis,

    Prop. 1, 15, 42:

    tutius esse arbitrabantur, obsessis viis, commeatu intercluso sine ullo vulnere victoriā potiri,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24; Quint. 7, 1, 36; 11, 2, 48:

    nobis tutissimum est, auctores plurimos sequi,

    id. 3, 4, 11; 3, 6, 63.—
    2.
    As subst.: tūtum, i, n., a place of safety, a shelter, safety, security: Tr. Circumspice dum, numquis est, Sermonem nostrum qui aucupet. Th. Tutum probe est, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 42:

    tuta et parvula laudo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 42:

    trepidum et tuta petentem Trux aper insequitur,

    Ov. M. 10, 714:

    in tuto ut collocetur,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 11:

    esse in tuto,

    id. ib. 4, 3, 30:

    ut sitis in tuto,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3:

    in tutum eduxi manipulares meos,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 7:

    in tutum receptus est,

    Liv. 2, 19, 6.—
    B.
    Transf., watchful, careful, cautious, prudent (rare and not ante-Aug.;

    syn.: cautus, prudens): serpit humi tutus nimium timidusque procellae,

    Hor. A. P. 28:

    tutus et intra Spem veniae cautus,

    id. ib. 266:

    non nisi vicinas tutus ararit aquas,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36:

    id suā sponte, apparebat, tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,

    Liv. 22, 38, 13:

    celeriora quam tutiora consilia magis placuere ducibus,

    id. 9, 32, 3.—Hence, adv. in two forms, tūtē and tūtō, safely, securely, in safety, without danger.
    a.
    Posit.
    (α).
    Form tute (very rare):

    crede huic tute,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 102:

    eum tute vivere, qui honeste vivat,

    Auct. Her. 3, 5, 9:

    tute cauteque agere,

    id. ib. 3, 7, 13.—
    (β).
    Form tuto (class. in prose and poetry):

    pervenire,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 179:

    dimicare,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 24:

    tuto et libere decernere,

    id. B. C. 1, 2:

    ut tuto sim,

    in security, Cic. Fam. 14, 3, 3:

    ut tuto ab repentino hostium incursu etiam singuli commeare possent,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 36. —
    b.
    Comp.:

    ut in vadis consisterent tutius,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

    tutius et facilius receptus daretur,

    id. B. C. 2, 30:

    tutius ac facilius id tractatur,

    Quint. 5, 5, 1:

    usitatis tutius utimur,

    id. 1, 5, 71:

    ut ubivis tutius quam in meo regno essem,

    Sall. J. 14, 11.—
    c.
    Sup.
    (α).
    Form tutissime: nam te hic tutissime puto fore, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—
    (β).
    Form tutissimo:

    quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2; cf. Charis. p. 173 P.:

    tutissimo infunduntur oboli quattuor,

    Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tueor

  • 19 Tutor

    1.
    tūtor, ōris, m. [tueor], a watcher, protector, defender.
    I.
    In gen. (so very rare; not in Cic.;

    syn. defensor): et te, pater Silvane, tutor finium,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 22:

    tutorem imperii agere,

    Suet. Tit. 6:

    Bacchi, i. e. Priapus,

    Petr. 133.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Jurid. t. t., a guardian, tutor, of minors, women, insane persons, etc. (prop. of the person; cf.

    curator, of the estate),

    Just. Inst. 1, 14, 4; Dig. 26, 1, 18 sq.; 26, 2, 12, § 14.—With esse and dat.:

    tutor sum liberis (Triarii),

    Cic. Att. 12, 28, 3: a pupillo Heio, [p. 1921] cui C. Marcellus tutor est, id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

    nemo illum tutorem umquam liberis suis scripsit,

    id. Clu. 14, 41.—With gen.:

    cum pupilli Malleoli tutor esset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 90:

    is casu pupilli Junii tutor erat,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 50, § 132; 2, 1, 51, § 135;

    2, 1, 53, § 139: qui tutor Philippi erat,

    Liv. 40, 54, 4; cf. also Cic. Caecin. 25, 72; id. de Or. 1, 53, 228; id. Mur. 12, 27; Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16; 3, 5, 14; Liv. 39, 9, 7.— Trop.:

    orbae eloquentiae quasi tutores relicti sumus,

    Cic. Brut. 96, 330; cf.:

    quasi tutor et procurator rei publicae,

    id. Rep. 2, 29, 51; Ov. Tr. 3, 14, 16.—
    B.
    Tūtor, the title of a mimic play, Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 259.
    2.
    tūtor, ātus ( inf. parag. tutarier, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 41), 1, v. dep. a. [tueor], to watch, guard, keep, protect, defend.
    I.
    Lit. (class.;

    syn. tueor): tutatus est domum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

    rem eri (servus),

    id. Men. 5, 6, 4:

    rem parentum,

    id. Merc. 5, 1, 6:

    res Italas armis,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 2:

    genae ab inferiore parte tutantur (oculos),

    Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 143:

    egregiis muris situque naturali urbem tutantes,

    Liv. 5, 2, 6:

    cum Volsci vallo se tutarentur,

    id. 3, 22, 5:

    religione sese tutabatur,

    Tac. A. 1, 39:

    rem publicam,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2:

    provincias,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14:

    serves Tuterisque tuo fidentem praesidio,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 81; 2, 1, 171:

    quas (spes) necesse est et virtute et innocentiā tutari,

    Sall. J. 85, 4:

    natura arbores cortice a frigoribus et calore tutata est,

    Plin. 7, praef. §

    2: quibus (viribus) ab irā Romanorum vestra tutaremini,

    Liv. 6, 26, 1: a proximorum insidiis salutem, Val. Ant. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 3:

    locorum ingenio sese contra imbelles regis copias tutabatur,

    Tac. A. 6, 41:

    adversus multitudinem hostium,

    Liv. 21, 25, 14:

    ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus sit,

    responsible for its safety, id. 25, 30, 5.—
    * II.
    Transf., to ward off, avert an evil:

    ipse praesentem inopiam quibus poterat subsidiis tutabatur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 52.
    ► Act. collat. form tūto, āre, to watch, defend, guard, etc.: tuos qui celsos terminos tutant, Naev. ap. Non. 476, 10; Pac. ib. 13; Pompon. ib. 12; Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 24.—
    2.
    tūtor, āri, in pass. signif.:

    patria et prognati tutantur et servantur,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 20:

    hunc per vos tutari conservarique cupiunt,

    Cic. Sull. 21, 61:

    tutata possessio,

    Symm. Ep. 9, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Tutor

  • 20 tutor

    1.
    tūtor, ōris, m. [tueor], a watcher, protector, defender.
    I.
    In gen. (so very rare; not in Cic.;

    syn. defensor): et te, pater Silvane, tutor finium,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 22:

    tutorem imperii agere,

    Suet. Tit. 6:

    Bacchi, i. e. Priapus,

    Petr. 133.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Jurid. t. t., a guardian, tutor, of minors, women, insane persons, etc. (prop. of the person; cf.

    curator, of the estate),

    Just. Inst. 1, 14, 4; Dig. 26, 1, 18 sq.; 26, 2, 12, § 14.—With esse and dat.:

    tutor sum liberis (Triarii),

    Cic. Att. 12, 28, 3: a pupillo Heio, [p. 1921] cui C. Marcellus tutor est, id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

    nemo illum tutorem umquam liberis suis scripsit,

    id. Clu. 14, 41.—With gen.:

    cum pupilli Malleoli tutor esset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 90:

    is casu pupilli Junii tutor erat,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 50, § 132; 2, 1, 51, § 135;

    2, 1, 53, § 139: qui tutor Philippi erat,

    Liv. 40, 54, 4; cf. also Cic. Caecin. 25, 72; id. de Or. 1, 53, 228; id. Mur. 12, 27; Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16; 3, 5, 14; Liv. 39, 9, 7.— Trop.:

    orbae eloquentiae quasi tutores relicti sumus,

    Cic. Brut. 96, 330; cf.:

    quasi tutor et procurator rei publicae,

    id. Rep. 2, 29, 51; Ov. Tr. 3, 14, 16.—
    B.
    Tūtor, the title of a mimic play, Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 259.
    2.
    tūtor, ātus ( inf. parag. tutarier, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 41), 1, v. dep. a. [tueor], to watch, guard, keep, protect, defend.
    I.
    Lit. (class.;

    syn. tueor): tutatus est domum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

    rem eri (servus),

    id. Men. 5, 6, 4:

    rem parentum,

    id. Merc. 5, 1, 6:

    res Italas armis,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 2:

    genae ab inferiore parte tutantur (oculos),

    Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 143:

    egregiis muris situque naturali urbem tutantes,

    Liv. 5, 2, 6:

    cum Volsci vallo se tutarentur,

    id. 3, 22, 5:

    religione sese tutabatur,

    Tac. A. 1, 39:

    rem publicam,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2:

    provincias,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14:

    serves Tuterisque tuo fidentem praesidio,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 81; 2, 1, 171:

    quas (spes) necesse est et virtute et innocentiā tutari,

    Sall. J. 85, 4:

    natura arbores cortice a frigoribus et calore tutata est,

    Plin. 7, praef. §

    2: quibus (viribus) ab irā Romanorum vestra tutaremini,

    Liv. 6, 26, 1: a proximorum insidiis salutem, Val. Ant. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 3:

    locorum ingenio sese contra imbelles regis copias tutabatur,

    Tac. A. 6, 41:

    adversus multitudinem hostium,

    Liv. 21, 25, 14:

    ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus sit,

    responsible for its safety, id. 25, 30, 5.—
    * II.
    Transf., to ward off, avert an evil:

    ipse praesentem inopiam quibus poterat subsidiis tutabatur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 52.
    ► Act. collat. form tūto, āre, to watch, defend, guard, etc.: tuos qui celsos terminos tutant, Naev. ap. Non. 476, 10; Pac. ib. 13; Pompon. ib. 12; Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 24.—
    2.
    tūtor, āri, in pass. signif.:

    patria et prognati tutantur et servantur,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 20:

    hunc per vos tutari conservarique cupiunt,

    Cic. Sull. 21, 61:

    tutata possessio,

    Symm. Ep. 9, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tutor

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